People Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
Alexander Ellis (1814 - 1890)
A
- “On the Musical Scales of Various Nations”
- “On the Basis of Music”
- Invented Cents
- There is not a universal law for understanding and performing music
- Influential in Comparative Musicology
- Not a musicologist, but interested in the science of music/sound production as well as linguistics and photograph
- The musical scale is not natural; scales are artificial and diverse
- Despite it seeming that this movement toward understanding that musics are diverse was rapid, Ellis slowly developed this approach which highlights how the field developed over time and did not immediately begin accepting the music of “others”
2
Q
A. B. Marx (1795 - 1866)
A
- German music theorist and critic
- one of the most influential theorists of the 19th century
- codified sonata form
- cultivated early appreciation for Beethoven symphonies
- music integral to individual education and the development of the German nation
3
Q
Alice Fletcher (1838 - 1923)
A
- American
- worked with the Omaha tribe and worked closely with Francis La Flesche (who was of Omaha descent)
- first woman president of American Folklore Society
- engaged in public policy including the Dawes Act
4
Q
Carl Stumpf (1848 - 1936)
A
- Founded the Berlin Institute of Psychology
- studied the songs of the Bellacoola Indians of Coastal British Columbia, Canada.
- One of the earliest systematic analyses of a particular musical tradition within the framework of comparative musicology
- “founder of comparative musicology”
5
Q
Jesse Walter Fewkes (1850 - 1930)
A
- Spearheaded the use of the phonograph to capture sounds
- worked with Native American cultures (Pueblo Indians)
6
Q
Guido Adler (1855 - 1941)
A
- Austrian
- Commonly referred to as “the father of musicology,” he was a highly influential figure.
- Coined the term “comparative musicology”
- An Essay on the History of Harmony
- emphasized scientific research in comparative music studies
7
Q
Francis la Flesche (1857 - 1932)
A
- American
- son of Omaha chief
- worked closely with Alice Fletcher professionally and they stayed lifelong friends
- Committed to preserving every detail of Omaha life
- ultimately a lawyer
8
Q
Franz Boas (1858 - 1942)
A
- American but of German birth
- Bella Coola Indiana of the Pacific Northwest
- anthropological methods
- collaborated with other scholars with Fletcher, Fewkes, and Densmore
- professor of anthro at Columbia
9
Q
Frances Densmore (1867 - 1957)
A
- American
- recorded songs from a Soiux woman
- studied Filipino music
- highly influenced by Alice Fletcher
10
Q
Erich von Hornbostel (1877 - 1935)
A
- co-wrote
- “Systematik of Musikinstrumente” (systems of musical instruments) with Curt Sachs
11
Q
Curt Sachs (1881 - 1959)
A
- American musicologist of German birth; co-wrote “Systematik of Musikinstrumente” (systems of musical instruments) with Hornostel
- served in advisory appointments and museum posts
- cofounder of comparative musicology and modern organlogy
12
Q
Charles Seeger (1886 - 1979)
A
- American
- played a central role in tying musicology to other disciplines and domains of culture (a la Nettl)
- founding member of AMS and past president of AMS and SEM; immense impact on music in the 20th century
- Musicology and comparative musicology need to come together to complement each other
- Musicology = historical
- Comparative musicology = systematic
- Discard the notion of two separate musicologies
13
Q
Jaap Kunst (1891 - 1960)
A
- Dutch
- musicologist for the Dutch government
- Dutch folk music and various Indonesian musical cultures
- coined the term ethnomusicology claiming it was more accurate than comparative musicology
14
Q
Gerog Herzog (1901 - 1983)
A
- American ethnomusicologist of Hungarian birth
- assistant to Hornbostel at Phonogramm-Archiv; became professor of anthropology at Indiana University and brought with him the Columbia University Archives of Folk and Primitive Music
- developed the Indiana University Archives of Traditional Music
- founder of ethnomusicological studies
15
Q
Theodor Adorno (1903 - 1969)
A
- German philosopher and musicologist; music critic
- committed to avant-garde music and fan of Schoenberg
- critiqued fascism and wrote heavily on German responsibility of the Holocaust and the making of art and music following the Holocaust
16
Q
Mantle Hood (1918 - 2005)
A
- bimusicality
- taught at UCLA and was the first scholar to offer training in the performance of non-Western music (gamelan)
- established the first form ethnomusicology program
- visited lots of international universities
- worked with Jacanese gamelan/general music
17
Q
Alan P Merriam (1923 - 1980)
A
- Anthropology of Music
- developed the concept of music as culture vs music in culture
- described that ethnology and musicology are not separable
- chaired IU’s anthropology department
- co-founder and past president of SEM
18
Q
Clifford Geertz (1926 - 2006)
A
Deep hanging out; anthropologist
19
Q
John Blacking (1928 - 1990)
A
- British ethnomusicologist
- How Musical is Man?
- music as humanly organized sound
- the terms of music are based on the society and culture of the music
20
Q
Bruno Nettl (1930 - 2020)
A
- Was a professor at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- crucial to the development of ethnomusicology in the second half of the 1900s
- surveyed and broadened methodological principals
- “the red book” (the study of ethnomusicology)
- cross-disciplinary influence
-emphasized interdisciplinary nature of ethnomusicology by drawing from folklore, anthro, and the social sciences
21
Q
Pauline Oliveros (1932 - 2016)
A
- composer and accordionist
- co-founded and co-directed the San Francisco Tape Music Center
- Deep Listening (!!!!) to advance music making
22
Q
R Murray Schafer (1933 - 2021)
A
- Canadian
- composer
- soundscapes
- hi-fi vs lo-fi (hi-fi = low ambient noise, can hear lots of things)
- noise pollution
- called himself the “father of acoustic ecology”; - - The Tuning of the World
- World Soundscape project
- schiziphonia
23
Q
Ellen Koskoff (b 1943)
A
- Professor Emerita of Eastman
- Feminist Ethnomusicology
24
Q
Richard Taruskin (1945 - 2022)
A
- Taught at Columbia then UC Berkeley
- Russian music; critic who also wrote for public facing organizations like the New York Times
- theoretical aspects on Stravinsky
- helped shape the perceptions of the field
- incorporated sociological + cultural/political perspectives
- Oxford History of Western Music (“The History of What?”)
25
Susan McClary (b 1946)
- Professor at Case Western Reserve; heavily influential in women's and gender
- wrote on Carmen and gendered power dynamics in form
- gender dynamics in harmonics (tonic being male dominated/representative, etc)
26
Carl Dahlhaus (1928 - 1989)
- German musicologist
- leading postwar musicologist
- observed six general developments over the course of 19th century composition
- influential in shaping the perception of 19th century Western Art Music
27
Steven Feld (b 1946)
- American Ethnomusicologist
- Acoustemology (acoustics + epistemology) = sound as a way of knowing
-Schizophonic mimesis
28
Philip Bohlman (b 1952)
- Critique of modernity
- canon-formation and monumentalization of 19th century Austro-German musical practice
- did work investigating immigrant Jews in early 20th century palestine
- intellectual history of ethnomusicology
29
Deborah Wong (b 1959)
Ethnomusicologist; Asian American studies; taiko drumming and embodiment; oral history
30
Mark Katz
Teaches at UNC; hip hop diplomacy; hip hop lab; music and incarceration
31
Matt Sakakeeny
- Teaches at Tulane; anti-Black racism in New Orleans
- reciprocity in research; second line jazz and jazz funerals
- soundscapes of Black life in New Orleans
- environmental/social relationships in music
