People

Question 1

Influenced the evolutionary perspective of psychology Discovered natural selection.

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

Established the first psychology research lab. Also pioneered introspection

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 3

Viewed studying the purpose of behavior and mental experiences as highly important. Part of the James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 3

William James

Question 4

Established America’s first psychology lab and served as first president of American Psychological Association (APA)

Answer 4

G. Stanley Hall

Question 5

Denied a Ph.D from Harvard, but established a psychological lab at Wellesley College. Served as the first elected female president of APA

Answer 5

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 6

First American woman awarded a Ph. D in psychology and known for her work in experimentation of animal behavior

Answer 6

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 7

Founded psychoanalytic school of psychological thought and developed a theory of personality that emphasized unconscious conflicts in behavior.

Answer 7

Sigmund Freud

Question 8

Emphasized the scientific study of observable behaviors rather than mental processes. Founder of behaviorism

Answer 8

John B. Watson

Question 9

Discovered that the speech production center of the brain is located in the lower left frontal lobe

Answer 9

Paul Broca (Broca’s Area)

Question 10

Discovered that damage to the left temporal lobe causes deficits in language comprehension

Answer 10

Carl Wernicke (Wenicke’s Area)

Question 11

Pioneered research with split-brain patients

Answer 11

Roger Sperry

Question 12

Advanced understanding of how the two cerebral hemispheres communicate with one another

Answer 12

Michael Gazzaniga

Question 13

Discovered that for each sense the size of the noticeable difference will vary depending on relation to the strength of original stimulus

Answer 13

Ernest Heinrich Weber (Weber’s Law)

Question 14

Demonstrated the presence of specialized neurons in the occipital lobes’ visual cortex that responds to specific features of an image.

Answer 14

David Hubel. Had help from Torsten Wiesel.

Question 15

Theorized that a hypnotized person experiences a special state of dissociation

Answer 15

Ernest Hilgard

Question 16

Designed experiments to study and formulate the principles of classical conditioning

Answer 16

Ivan Pavlov

Question 17

Conducted research on taste aversion

Answer 17

John Garcia

Question 18

Refined Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory and indicated the conditioned stimulus must be a reliable signal that predicts the presentations of the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 18

Robert Rescorla

Question 19

Conducted first systematic investigations of animal behavior and found responses followed by a satisfying outcome are more likely to be repeated

Answer 19

Edward Thorndike

Question 20

Insisted psychologists focus on observable behavior that can be measured and verified. Formulated principles of operant conditioning

Answer 20

B. F. Skinner

Question 21

Believed that behavior is a complex chain of stimulus-response connections that is strengthened by a rewarding consequence.

Answer 21

Edward Tolman

Question 22

Believed behaviorists underestimated animal cognitive processes and abilities

Answer 22

Wolfgang Kohler

Question 23

Illustrated role of modeling human behavior. Contends that observational learning is responsible for most human behavior

Answer 23

Albert Bandera

Question 24

Presented evidence that the capacity for short-term memory is 7 items give or take 2

Answer 24

George A. Miller

Question 25

Created the forgetting curve which shows a rapid loss of memories of relatively meaningless information

Answer 25

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 26

Researched the misinformation effect which demonstrated eyewitness testimony is often unreliable

Answer 26

Elizabeth Loftus

Question 27

Argued that young children possess an innate capacity to learn and produce speech

Answer 27

Noam Chomsky

Question 28

Considered to be the humanistic approach found. Focused on what constituted as positive mental health. Created the hierarchy of needs.

Answer 28

Abraham Maslow

Question 29

Best known for his two-factor theory of emotion in whcih our emotions depend on the physical arousal and a cognitive labeling of that arousal

Answer 29

Stanley Schachter

Question 30

Created the general adaptation syndrome for stress (GAS)

Answer 30

Hans Selye

Question 31

Researched human sexuality

Answer 31

Alfred Kinsey

Question 32

Observed attachment relationships between infants and their mothers

Answer 32

Mary Ainsworth

Question 33

Did the rhesus monkey experiments with attachment. Found attachment is a way of comfort and protection to a child to some extent.

Answer 33

Harry Harlow

Question 34

Founded the science of comparison between animals and their natural surroundings

Answer 34

Konrad Lorenz

Question 35

produced theories of cognitive development. Focused on the rational, perceiving child who has the capacity to make sense of the world.

Answer 35

Jean Piaget

Question 36

Emphasized how culture and social interaction with parents influence a child's development cognitively. Children learn culture habits through internalization

Answer 36

Lev Vygotsky

Question 37

Characterized parents into different categorical types

Answer 37

Diana Baumrind

Question 38

Produced eight psychological stages of development. Specifically interested in how adolescents overcome confusion of roles and finding an identity.

Answer 38

Erik Erikson

Question 39

Used hypothetical moral dilemmas to study moral reasoning

Answer 39

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 40

Critiqued Kohlberg's theory of moral development because the sample consisted of fully males

Answer 40

Carol Gilligan

Question 41

Pioneered the use of psychiatry in both social work and early childhood education

Answer 41

Alfred Adler

Question 42

Developed the concept of collective unconscious (shared human experiences embodied in myths and cultural archetypes

Answer 42

Carl jung

Question 43

Offered the view that people are innately good. Believed strongly in self-concept

Answer 43

Carl Rogers

Question 44

Developed the five-factor model

Answer 44

Paul Costa and Robert Mccrae

Question 45

Developed the statistical concept of correlation and first to demonstrate the normal distribution.

Answer 45

Francis Galton

Question 46

Observed that an individual's scores on various tests of intellectual performance correlated with one another. Created the g-factor

Answer 46

Charles Spearman

Question 47

Believed Intelligence was based on the triarchic model (creativity, analytic, and practical intelligence)

Answer 47

Robert Stern

Question 48

Developed the theory of multiple intelligence

Answer 48

Howard Gardner

Question 49

Invented first usable intelligence test

Answer 49

Alfred Binet

Question 50

Was the inventor of the Stanford-Binet IQ test and creator of the IQ

Answer 50

Lewis Terman

Question 51

Determined how far a person's IQ score deviated from the bell curve

Answer 51

David Wechsler

Question 52

Documented how states cared for their insane poor and helped created the first American mental hospital

Answer 52

Dorothea Dix

Question 53

helped clients dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with more rational interpretations (rational-emotive therapy)

Answer 53

Albert Ellis

Question 54

Applied behavioral techniques to therapy

Answer 54

Mary Cover Jones

Question 55

The father of cognitive therapy

Answer 55

Aaron beck

Question 56

Created systematic desensitization to treat phobias

Answer 56

Joseph Wolpe

Question 57

Formulated cognitive dissonances in which tension and anxiety occur when an individual's attitudes and behaviors are inconsistent

Answer 57

Leon Festinger

Question 58

Conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 58

Philip Zimbardo

Question 59

Developed social psychology into an academic discipline

Answer 59

Soloman Asch

Question 60

Did experiments on conformity which transformed our understanding of human nature and ethics

Answer 60

Stanley Milgram