People

Question 1

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 1

(1821-1894) Studies of reaction time (physiological experiment) reinforced idea of mind as physical

Question 2

Gustav Fechner

Answer 2

(1801-1889) Range of sounds human ear can detect; importance of mental processes as well as physiology. in psychology

Question 3

Ancient Greek philosophers

Answer 3

Observations can be accounted for by natural, not supernatural, explanations

Question 4

British empiricists

Answer 4

Knowledge is the result of experience

Question 5

Ancient physicians

Answer 5

The brain is the source of mind

Question 6

17th & 18th century natural scientists

Answer 6

Discoveries about sensation and movement showed that the mind was physical

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 7

(1832-1920) First experimental psychologist, measure reaction time - Structuralism : behaviour can be broken down into its components

Question 8

Edward Titchener

Answer 8

(1867-1923) Expanded on Wundt’s views to establish theory of Structuralism - mind can be broken down into smallest elements of mental experience

Question 9

20th Century German psychologists (Kurt Koffka, Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler)

Answer 9

Gestalt psychology (‘whole’/’form’ psychology) - Breaking a whole perception into building blocks would result in the loss of some important psychological information [ex. A 13 C, 12 13 14]

Question 10

William James

Answer 10

(1842-1910) Functionalism - behaviour is purposeful because it leads to survival [emphasizes role of evolution in mental processes and behaviour]

Question 11

Sigmund Freud

Answer 11

(1856-1939) Psychodynamic theory : ideas about the unconscious mind, the role of experience in abnormal behaviour, and nw approaches to therapy laid a foundation for later study in personality and therapy

Question 12

Abraham Maslow

Answer 12

(1908-1970) Humanistic psychology : theory of motivation and ideas about exceptional people to the growing humanistic psychology movement [what makes a human ‘good’]

Question 13

Carl Rodgers

Answer 13

(1802-1987) Humanistic therapist who developed new approach to therapy called client-centred therapy - people receiving therapy are called clients rather than patients

Question 14

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Answer 14

(1849-1936) Behaviourism : Experience is the primary source of behaviour [Dogs’ salivation in response to arrival of handler or harness indicates dogs’ association to anticipate important future events (classical conditioning)]

Question 15

John B. Watson

Answer 15

(1878-1958) Relationships between environmental cues and behaviour [blank-slate approach]

Question 16

Edward Thorndike

Answer 16

(1904-1990) Law of effect - behaviours followed by pleasant outcomes would be more likely to occur in the future [cat behaviour when escaping box]

Question 17

B. F. Skinner

Answer 17

(1904-1990) Inner, private states such as thinking and feeling exist, but they are behaviours that follow same rules at public behaviours rather than mental states

Question 18

Max Wertheimer

Answer 18

(1880-1943) Gestalt psychology : breaking behaviour into components loses meaning

Question 19

Ulric Neisser

Answer 19

(1828-2012) Cognitive revolution : Private mental processing can be studied scientifically