People and Population Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Life longevity _____ when better healthcare, hygiene, diet, and lifestyle are promoted within a place.
A
increases
2
Q
The human population has grown faster in the ____ century than it has ever before.
A
20th
3
Q
The organism permanently leaves its natural population and habitat.
A
Emigration
4
Q
It is the statistical study of a population, dependent on the mortality pattern and age distribution.
A
Demography
5
Q
SOLUTION TO RAPID POPULATION GROWTH: It is a policy aiming to provide access to family planning services and population education.
A
RA 10354 (Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012)
6
Q
In 2019, _ million people in the world were migrants. The migrant population has increased by _ million since 1990.
Migration
A
270, 120
7
Q
These species have an approximately equal probability of dying at any age. These organisms may have relatively few offspring and provide significant parental care.
A
Type II
8
Q
It is the ratio of the total number of deaths to the total population in a particular are over a specific period.
A
Mortality
9
Q
What are the types of population dispersion?
A
- Random distribution
- Uniform distribution
- Clump distribution
10
Q
It is the evolutionary process that begin from the evolutionary history of primates of genus Homo and eventually to the emergence of anatomically modern humans.
A
Human evolution
11
Q
It refers to the average number of years a person is expected to live.
A
Life expectancy
12
Q
How does migration affect a population size?
A
Migrating INTO a place increases its population size; migrating OUT OF a place decreases its population size.
13
Q
It allows the species to live independently.
A
Random distribution
14
Q
The population size increases at a constant rate, and the number of cells doubles at a predictable time interval
THREE PHASES
A
Exponential phase
15
Q
What are the possible causes of population dispersal?
A
- Food and space scarcity
- Overpopulation
- Predation risks and other negative ecological relationships
- Changes in environmental conditions
FOPC
16
Q
SOLUTION TO RAPID POPULATION GROWTH: This commission is tasked to coordinate and implement policies and programs concerning population development.
A
Population Commission (PopCom or CPD)
17
Q
Under the S-Curve, these are the species that have a lower carrying capacity. They reach their reproductive age more slowly and have longer lifespans.
competition > reproduction
A
Equilibrium species
18
Q
FORECASTING: It measures the number of babies born each year per 1000 women in a population.
A
Fertility rate
19
Q
for plants: aid competition and promote equality
for animals: resulted by the negative ecological relationships
A
Uniform distribution
20
Q
It illustrates how a country transitions from a pre-industrial country to an industrialized one.
FORECASTING
A
Demographic transition
21
Q
What are the disadvantages of rapid population growth?
A
- environmental degradation
- water shortages
- increases pollution
- exacerbates global warming
- more wastes
- congestion
22
Q
It is also known as the birth rate.
A
Natality
23
Q
SOLUTION TO RAPID POPULATION GROWTH: This introduces the use of condoms, contraceptives, implants, etc. to avoid pregnancy.
A
Safe Sex Promotion
24
Q
What are the factors influencing demographic transition?
A
- technological advancement
- economic development
- access to education and healthcare
Techno, Eco, Access
25
It is primarily a result of the unequal distribution of resources
Clumped distribution
26
The exponential growth in a population would only occur if natality _______mortality.
exceeds
27
It is generally expressed as the number of deaths for 1000 individuals per year.
Mortality
28
What are some of the population-limiting factors?
1. Availability of food, energy, and raw materials
2. The abundance of positive ecological relationships (commensalism)
29
It is the ratio of the total live birth to the total population in a particular are over a specific period.
Natality
30
Other than natality and mortality, the determination of _____ and _____ are also vital for interpreting the growth rate of a population.
age structure and biotic potential
31
What are the 7 examples of population size forecasting?
1. Age structure
2. Survivorship
3. Fertility rate
4. Migration
5. Declining death rates
6. Life expectancy
7. Demographic transition
32
This type of distribution boosts mating opportunities for animals.
Clumped distribution
33
What are the population growth curves?
1. Exponential growth (J-Curve)
2. Logistic Growth (S-Curve)
34
Under population density, it includes only the portion of land that can actually be occupied by the species.
Ecological density
35
Example: creosote bush
Uniform distribution
36
It is the group of interbreeding organisms of the same species
Population
37
What is the formula for the population size?
[birth rate + immigration] - [death rate + emigration]
38
The organism joins a new population.
Immigration
39
These countries have higher average incomes, slower population growth, diverse industrial economies, and strong social support systems.
Developed countries
40
SOLUTION TO RAPID POPULATION GROWTH: Women are encouraged to participate in different activities, including those that are related to education and work, to lessen their chances of reproducing many offspring.
Empowering women
41
It is the proportion of a population in different age classes.
Age structure
42
Under population density, it includes all the land within an organism's range.
Crude density
43
SURVIVORSHIP CURVES: Examples: humans and other large invertebrates
Type I
44
What is the difference between amensalism and commensalism?
amensalism: harmed-unaffected; negative
commensalism: benefits-unharmed; positive
45
What is the formula for population density?
[total population] / [area of land]
46
What are the classifications in age structure?
1. Pre-reproductive age
2. Reproductive age
3. Post-reproductive age
47
What is the difference between crude density and ecological density?
Crude - entire land
Ecological - usable land
48
How does mortality and natality affect life expectancy?
Birth increases life expectancy; death decreases life expectancy.
49
Examples: many birds and mammals
## Footnote
SURVIVORSHIP CURVES
Type II
50
It is the rate at which new organisms are added to a particular population via reproduction.
Natality
51
What are the four stages of demographic transition?
1. Pre-industrial condition
2. Population explosion
3. Population growth slows down
4. Birth rate drops below the replacement level
52
It refers to the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. This usually happens when a country is developing.
Urbanization
53
It is also known as the death rate
Mortality
54
1. What is the most common type of population dispersion?
2. What is the rarest type of population dispersion?
1. Clumped distribution
2. Random distribution
55
It occurs when a population's growth rate slows down and eventually stabilizes at a level called the carrying capacity.
## Footnote
THREE PHASES
Equilibrium phase
56
What are the two divisions of countries?
1. Developed countries
2. Developing countries
57
It is the process by which groups of living organisms expand the space or range within which they live.
Population dispersal
58
It refers to all the organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographic area.
Population
59
It refers to an organism's capacity to reproduce.
Biotic potential
60
Singapore, Japan, and the USA are examples of...
developed countries
61
It is the number of individuals in a population.
Population Size
62
This property occurs when an organism leaves the space it previously occupied.
Population dispersal
63
Explain the three types of survivorship curves.
1. Type I - lower mortality; organisms survive to reproduce
2. Type II - equal probability of dying
3. Type III - higher mortality; organisms do not survive to reproduce
64
What is the practice related to the formation of clumped distribution?
Herding
65
It is an ecological interaction where one organism is harmed, while the other is unaffected.
Amensalism
66
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION:
Population size decreases; post-industrial society
Stage 4: Birth rate drops below the replacement level
67
It is the number of individuals an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given organism and its environment.
Carrying capacity
68
It is the level of fertility at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.
Replacement level
69
It is the upper limit for population growth.
Carrying capacity
70
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: High birth and death rate; stable population size
Stage 1: Pre-industrial condition
71
Countries with high rates of growth tend to have a higher number of younger people than older people. In contrast, countries with a slow growth rate usually have an equal distribution of ages in the population.
## Footnote
FORECASTING
Age structure
72
The Philippines, Malaysia, and Brazil are examples of...
developing countries
73
These species invest much energy in caring for their young, resulting in lower death rates for their offspring. Most individuals survive to reproduce.
Type I
74
The organism temporarily leaves its habitat for some reason
Migration
75
Under the J-Curve, these are the small organisms that can reproduce many offspring at an early age. However, their *shorter lifespans* result in the *absence of parental care*
Opportunistic species
76
THREE PHASES: This is the initial period where bacteria are adapting to their new environment. During this phase, bacteria may be increasing in size and metabolically active, but they are not dividing or multiplying.
Lag phase
77
It considers the biotic potential of every woman taken as a sample.
## Footnote
FORECASTING
Fertility rate
78
What are the types of population dispersal?
1. Emigration
2. Immigration
3. Migration
79
What are the advantages of rapid population growth?
1. increases human capital or economic value
2. more scope for innovation, invention, and creative genius
3. enables specialization
4. increases economic growth
| HuCap in SpecEco
80
FORECASTING: It depicts the demographic history of a country transitioning from a high birth rate and death rate to a low birth rate and death rate.
Demographic transition
81
What are the constraints in reproducing many offspring?
1. Scarcity of resources
2. Competition
3. Predation
4. Disease
| ScaComPreDis
82
Death rate is lower for places with adequate and cleaner resources.
## Footnote
FORECASTING
Declining death rates
83
It is generally expressed as the number of births for 1000 individuals per year.
Natality
84
It refers to how the population size increases or decreases over time.
Population growth
85
Due to their better economic conditions, the developed countries garner more [younger] migrants and immigrants.
## Footnote
FORECASTING
Migration
86
What are some of the sampling techniques in computing the population density?
1. Crude density
2. Ecological density
87
It is a metric used by the UN to determine whether a country is developed or is still developing.
Human development index (HDI)
88
What are the factors being considered in the human development index (HDI)?
1. Economic growth
2. Life expectancy
3. Health and education system
4. Quality of life
5. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita
| EcoLife HQ GNI
89
What is the standard ratio of replacement level in developed countries?
2.1 children : 1 woman
90
SURVIVORSHIP CURVES: Examples: many fish, most invertebrates, and plants
Type III
91
SOLUTION TO RAPID POPULATION GROWTH: This program conducts regular demographic and health surveys to gather data on population trends, health indicators, and family-planning practices.
National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS)
92
It refers to the formation of individual animals into a group and sticking together while going to different places.
Herding
group = herd
93
What are the three phases in the logistic growth?
1. Lag phase
2. Exponential phase
3. Equilibrium phase
94
The species do not invest much energy in raising their young, resulting in higher death rates for their offspring. **However, those who could reach old age are more likely to survive longer**. Few individuals survive to reproduce
Type III
95
It is a symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped.
Commensalism
96
What type of curve is produced when the population size becomes stable?
Logistic growth (S-Curve)
97
It is the study of populations in relation to the environment.
Population ecology
98
According to the UN, in 2024, the average life expectancy in the Philippines is __ years.
71.79
99
It is made possible by the abundant and equally distributed resources within an area, as well as some abiotic factors like wind and water.
Random distribution
100
It is a biological phenomenon where species inhibit the growth of the same species through the secretion of toxic chemicals.
Autotoxicity
101
It is a model that describes how changes in population growth can occur.
## Footnote
FORECASTING
Demographic transition
102
It refers to the percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age.
## Footnote
FORECASTING
Survivorship
103
It refers to the size of the population in a definite unit of space.
Population density
104
What are the properties of a population?
1. Population density
2. Population dispersion
3. Population dispersal
4. Population size (natality, mortality, age structure, and biotic potential)
105
It occurs whenever the environment can no longer support newborn species due to population-limiting factors.
Carrying capacity
106
These countries have lower average incomes, simple and agricultural economies, and higher population growth.
Developing countries
107
After growing slowly for thousands of years, the human population began to experience exponential growth in the ____ or _____________.
1800s, Industrial Revolution
108
It is the sum of the age-specific fertility rate (15 y/o – 49 y/o).
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
109
The comparison between _____ and _____ can determine how a population's size changes over time.
natality, mortality
110
What type of growth curve is produced when the population is rapidly growing?
Exponential growth (J-Curve)
111
They are responsible for studying the historical size and makeup of the population of different countries to make comparisons and predictions.
Demographers
112
Example: dandelions
Random distribution
113
This type of distribution raises opposing influences on plants and animals.
Uniform distribution
114
What is the ratio of the population growth?
population over time
115
Death rate declines, while the birth rate is still high.
Urbanization occurs
## Footnote
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Stage 2: Population explosion
116
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION:
Low birth rate and death rate; stabilization of the population size
Stage 3: Population growth slows down
