Peoples Health (School Work)

Question 1

What religion was medieval England?

Answer 1

Christian

Question 2

What did peasants do in mediaeval England?

Answer 2

Worked the land

Question 3

What are the four humours?

Answer 3

Blood, phlegm, black, bile, and yellow bile

Question 4

When did the Black Death first arrive in England and what were its consequences?

Answer 4

1348, killed 50% of the population

Question 5

What Caused the black death?

Answer 5

Yersinia pestis, pathogen that was passed on by the bite of a flea that lived on black rats

Question 6

Where did the majority of people live in mediaeval Britain?

Answer 6

The countryside, where life was difficult but quite healthy

Question 7

What were Peasants houses made out of during mediaeval Britain?

Answer 7

Wattle and daub, had open fires with no chimneys
Animals sheltered inside homes at night

Question 8

What was the diet of a peasant during Medieval Britain?

Answer 8

Lots of fruit and vegetables
Pottage
Milk
Cheese
Fish
Small beer, because of the bacteria and germs in the water

Question 9

When was the great famine and what were its consequences?

Answer 9

1315, killing 10% of the population

Question 10

Where was waste collected in the countryside during mediaeval Britain?

Answer 10

Middens or cesspit, these contaminated drinking water from springs or streams

Question 11

What was life like in mediaeval towns in Britain?

Answer 11

Houses were tightly packed together, this allowed disease to spread quickly
Weekly market, provided fresh food

Question 12

What were drovers?

Answer 12

People who brought livestock into town to be slaughtered filling the street with dung and blood

Question 13

What were gongfermers?

Answer 13

Paid to remove human waste from latrines and cesspits

Question 14

What was the job of rakers?

Answer 14

Clean the streets

Question 15

In Medieval Britain, what did people believe caused disease?

Answer 15

God punishing them for their sins
Miasma
Movement of the planets

Question 16

What actions were taken to prevent the black death?

Answer 16

Priests urged people to pray for forgiveness

Flatulence whipped themselves in the street to prove to God they were sorry for their sins

Bloodletting

Posies of sweet smelling flowers in their houses to purify air

King Edward the third, ordered the mayor of London to clean the city streets

The government did very little

Question 17

How large was the population in 1750 at the start of early modern Britain?

Answer 17

6 million

Question 18

How many people could vote at the start of early modern Britain?

Answer 18

3%

Question 19

In which time period were products like sugar and tobacco brought back from America and India?

Answer 19

Early modern Britain

Question 20

What were inventions of the early modern Britain time Period?

Answer 20

The microscope, and the printing press

Question 21

When was the last outbreak of the plague?

Answer 21

1665 and killed 15% of London’s population

Question 22

How often did the plague return to Britain during early modern?

Answer 22

Roughly every 20 years

Question 23

What did people believe caused disease in early modern?

Answer 23

God and bad air

Question 24

In 1518 what did Henry VIII do to reduce the spread of plague?

Answer 24

Issued a proclamation that ordered houses infected with plague to be identified and isolated
Those leaving isolation had to carry a white stick

Question 25

In 1578 what did Elizabeth I do to reduce the spread of plague?

Answer 25

Issued plague orders These 17 rules included killing cats and dogs, shutting up infected houses, and burning the clothes of victims

Question 26

What was the plague act and when was it introduced?

Answer 26

1604, introduced harsh punishments for breaking isolation, plague victims could be hanged if found outside

Question 27

What did many towns build during the early modern to prevent the spread of plague?

Answer 27

Pest houses, these houses played victims away from the city

Question 28

What alcoholic beverage was causing social and health problems by the 1720s?

Answer 28

Gin

Question 29

When were the first three gin acts?

Answer 29

1729, 1736, and 1743

Question 30

Which gin act was the most successful and why?

Answer 30

The 1751 act because it introduced harsh punishments for illegally selling gin such as: – Whipping – Transportation to Australia

Question 31

How did the diet of the rich change in the early modern period?

Answer 31

Could afford a variety of new foods such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco

Question 32

How did the homes of the rich improve in early modern?

Answer 32

Houses made out of stone or brick and heated by coal fires which caused pollution Paid for freshwater to be piped into their homes Flushing toilet invented in 1596

Question 33

What are the key ideas of industrial Britain?

Answer 33

Industrialisation, urbanisation, political change, and scientific advances

Question 34

How did Britain become more urbanised in industrial time?

Answer 34

Population went from 21 million in 1850 to 37,000,000 in 1900

Question 35

How did Britain become industrialised during the industrial time?

Answer 35

Steam engines used to power vast factories

Question 36

How did political change occur during the industrial time?

Answer 36

Class divide between rich and poor Government followed laissez faire policies Working man one right to vote in 1880s

Question 37

How did scientific advances occur during industrial Britain?

Answer 37

Darwin’s theory of evolution challenged religious beliefs Rapid advances in medical knowledge, such as Louis pasteur germ theory

Question 38

When was the first cholera epidemic in England?

Answer 38

1831, there were later epidemic in 1848, 1854, and 1866

Question 39

What did people believe caused cholera in industrial Britain?

Answer 39

Bad air Punishment from God However, some doctors believed was contagious and could be passed on by touch

Question 40

What was the 1846 cholera bill?

Answer 40

Instructed residence to connect their homes to sewers, however this increased the flow of waste into rivers

Question 41

What did John Snow do during the 1854 epidemic?

Answer 41

Proved cholera was carried by contaminated water and could be prevented by changing the water supply. His ideas were largely ignored.

Question 42

When was the great stink?

Answer 42

1858

Question 43

What did the government do after the great stink?

Answer 43

Parliament granted £3 million to Joseph bazalgette to build 1300 miles of sewers across London

Question 44

What was housing like during industrial Britain?

Answer 44

Poor lived in slum housing in overcrowded industrial cities Cramped lodging houses or back to back houses were common

Question 45

What was food like during industrial Britain?

Answer 45

Urban poor had terrible diet, living on potatoes, bread, and butter No tinned food or refrigeration and food was often adulterated

Question 46

What was water like during industrial Britain?

Answer 46

Water companies controlled access to water and charged high prices In Poor areas, whole Street shared one pump Water was pumped from rivers which were contaminated with human and industrial waste

Question 47

What was waste like during industrial Britain?

Answer 47

Poor continued to share privies with neighbours Sewage collected into cesspit which contaminated nearby water supplies Most richer families now had flushing toilets that further contaminated rivers

Question 48

What was the 1848 public health?

Answer 48

Allowed local authorities to set up boards of health in order to build sewers and provide clean water However, not compulsory

Question 49

What was 1875 public health act?

Answer 49

Forced local authorities to take responsibility for sewers and water supply

Question 50

Why did the government abandon a laissez faire attitude in the 19th century?

Answer 50

Edwin Chadwick put pressure on government to act by publishing shocking research into public health in ‘the sanitary condition of the labouring population’ in 1842 In 1861, Louis pastor published his germ theory, confirming that bacteria spread disease By 1880s, all working men had right to vote, government now had to listen to the concerns of the poor

Question 51

How did Britain undergo economic change in the 20th century?

Answer 51

In 1900s, most people worked with their hands and new technology such as cars and radio boosted the economy Whereas In the 2000s, most people working service industries and technology such as the Internet and travel transformed the economy

Question 52

How did Britain undergo political change in the 20th century?

Answer 52

In 1900s, working men over the age of 21 had right to vote and government realised it had to do something to look after the poor Whereas In the 2000s, all men and women over 18 have the right to vote also the government has expanded the welfare date through the NHS and national insurance

Question 53

How has Britain undergone social change in 20th century?

Answer 53

In 1900 about 37 million people lived in Britain and Morse were working in class who worked long hours for low pay Whereas In 2000s, population has expanded to 58,000,000 and Britain has a larger middle class who have more comfortable lives

Question 54

How did Britain undergo cultural change in the 20th century?

Answer 54

In 1900s, most people believed in God and went to church also people played football or worked their allotment in their spare time Whereas In 2000s, most people trusted science not religion. People had more money to spend on leisure, including watching TV and gaming

Question 55

What was the 1919 housing act?

Answer 55

Ordered local council to build council houses with running water, indoor toilet and gardens

Question 56

What happened after 1945?

Answer 56

New towns were built to solve problem of overcrowding

Question 57

What was the right to buy scheme?

Answer 57

1980s Led to a shortage of council housing

Question 58

How has food improved in the 20th century?

Answer 58

New technology such as refrigeration and canning made food cheaper New supermarkets increased variety of food available Fast food consumption increased

Question 59

How has air quality changed in the 20th century?

Answer 59

Coal Smoke from homes and factories produce smog in large cities Increased car ownership added to air pollution

Question 60

How has inactivity increased after the 20th century?

Answer 60

Increased car ownership lead increasing activity New forms of leisure such as TV led to an obesity crisis

Question 61

What is the NHS and when was it formed?

Answer 61

1948, provide free medical care from cradle to grave including hospital treatment, prescriptions, dental, and GP visits

Question 62

What is the clean air act and when was it introduced?

Answer 62

1956, to control pollution

Question 63

How have the government tackled smoking?

Answer 63

1964 – TV advert for cigarettes banned 2007 – smoking banned in all public places 2016 – blank packaging introduced

Question 64

How have the government promoted healthy lifestyle?

Answer 64

The five a day campaign NHS couch to 5K programme

Question 65

How did the government respond to the Spanish flu?

Answer 65

1918 to 1919 Slow and ineffective Spread by soldiers returning from World War I and killed over 50 million people worldwide Death rate so high wood for coffins run out and mass graves had to be used Occupied by war so did not issue advice until late 1918 when it was too late Important decisions such as closing schools were left to local authorities Silent film, Dr Wise on influenza, was released that explained precautions such as making face masks but not enough copies were made

Question 66

What is aids?

Answer 66

Condition caused by HIV virus that attacks the bodies immune system

Question 67

How is aids spread?

Answer 67

Unprotected sex Sharing hypodermic needles Pregnancy

Question 68

How was the AIDS epidemic received in the early 80s?

Answer 68

Newspapers called AIDS the gay plague and blamed it on gay man and drug users Government advice wrongly suggested that aids could be spread through touch, adding to panic

Question 69

How did the perception of the AIDS epidemic change by the later 80s?

Answer 69

An information leaflet called don’t die of ignorance was sent to every household Hospitals provided free testing for the HIV virus 1987, Princess Diana was photographed, shaking hands with aids patients, this calmed public fears