Perception

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

the recieval of information from the five senses

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

making sense or interpreting the information recieved from your five senses

Question 3

monocular depth cue

Answer 3

a way of detecting depth or distance that works with only one eye

Question 4

occlusion

Answer 4

when one part of an object appears to cover part of another object

Question 5

height in plane

Answer 5

how high the object appears in the image

Question 6

relative size

Answer 6

how large an object appears in an image

Question 7

linear perspective

Answer 7

when straight lines are arranged so that they would come together at a point on the horizon

Question 8

binocular depth cues

Answer 8

a way of detecting depth or distance that works with two eyes

Question 9

convergence

Answer 9

A depth perception that uses the extent to which eye muscles have to work in order to focus on images/objects. The closer an image is, the more the eye muscles have to work.

Question 10

retinal disparity

Answer 10

The difference between the sensory information recieved through each eye as they view the world from a different angle. The more disparity, the further away an image/object is.

Question 11

misinterpreted depth cues

Answer 11

wrongly applying the ruels of depth perception

Question 12

ambuigity

Answer 12

when an image could equally be one thing or another

Question 13

fiction

Answer 13

creating something that isn’t really there to complete an image

Question 14

size constancy

Answer 14

keeping our original perception of the size of an object, even when the information recieved by our eyes changes.

Question 15

ponzo illusion

Answer 15

MISINTERPRETED DEPTH CUE. The horizontal line appears to be longer than the horizontal line towards the bottom, though they are the same length

Question 16

Muller-lyer illusion

Answer 16

MISINTERPRETED DEPTH CUE. The line with outgoing arrows is perceived to be longer than the line with ingoing arrows. Though the lengths of the lines are the same.

Question 17

Rubins vase illusion

Answer 17

AMBIGUOUS. You can percieve the image as a vase or as two faces about to kiss.

Question 18

Ames Room

Answer 18

MISINTERPRETED DEPTH CUE and SIZE CONSTANCY. the room is actually a trapezium but due to size contancy we thinks its a normal room. It makes it seem like one person is tiny whilst the other is massive.

Question 19

factors effecting perception

Answer 19

perception set, culture, expectation, emotion and motivation.

Question 20

Describe Gilchrist and Nesburgs study of motivation

Answer 20

Gilchrist aim was to investigate what effect food deprivation would have on the perception of food-related images. 26 undergraduates participated this study, half of them were seperated into the food-deprived group (where they couldn’t eat food for 20 hours) and the other was the non food-deprived group (control group). The participants were shown slides consisting of 4 meals, each shown for 15 seconds. The participants were told it was a matching exercise. After each image was shown, the projecter turned off. Then, the image was shown again but dimmer than before. The participants had to adjust the image so it looked the same as before. The food-deprived participants adjusted the food images to be brighter than they originally were, and the control group adjusted them to look like the original image. Suggesting that hunger is a motivating factor that affects perception.

Question 21

Evaluate Gilchrist and nesburgs study

Answer 21

weakness: not ethical
weakness: not like everyday life, they were told to adjust pictures of food rather than actual food, as well as the fact they adjusted brightness is odd
strength: support from oher studies, Sanford found out that people deprived of food would perceive random pictures to present food (brown blob = burger), the longer they were deprived for, the more likely they were to percieve the image as food.

Question 22

Describe Bruner and Minturns study of expectation

Answer 22

AIM: to investigate whether expectation had an effect on perception
PPT: 24 ppt, Indie group design
PROCEDURE: Half of the ppt were shown a series of numbers with the same ambiguous figure in the middle. The figure was a broken B that could be seen as either the letter B or number 13.
RESULTS: Most of the ppt who had been shown numbers drew a ‘13’. Most of the participants who were shown letters drew a ‘B’.
CONCLUSION: the ppts’ expectations had directly affected how they interpreted the ambiguous figure. Shows that expectation affects perception

Question 23

Evaluate Bruner and Minturns study of expectation

Answer 23

Weakness: artificial task, the ambigious stimuli to test expectation is something we dont use daily. The stimuli was designed to trick participants into making errors. So, this study cannot reflect how expectation affects us in real life.
Weakness: independent group design, perhaps people in on eof the groups could’ve been different from people in the other group in important ways.
Strength: real world application, explains how people make errors in daily life. Gregorys idea, that perception is an active process in which the person creates influences to waht they are seeing.

Question 24

Describe Gregory’s constructivist theory of perception

Answer 24

• perception is an active process because it involves drawing inferences
• perception is constructed using both sensations and stored knowledge
• we learn how to percieve because we interpret sensory information using what we already know.
• stored knowledge and expectations come from past experiences
• perception gets more sophisicated as we get older
• we use visual cues to help percieve depth and distance
• mistakes in perception, such as being tricked by visual illusions, are the result of misinterpreting visual cues.