perception Flashcards

Question

inference

Answer 1

what we perceive is ambiguous and incomplete brain fill in gaps in our sensory info using inference / interpretation

Answer 2

brain has help when making interpretations using visual cues sometimes what we interpret can turn out wrong

Answer 3

understanding of visual cues learnt from experience perception more sophisticated as we grow up

Answer 4

support from studies that show cultural differences in perception different experiences have affected perception nurture plays key role

Answer 5

supported by visual illusions which are unusual examples of perception idea of mistake hypotheses has been useful to explain visual illusions but these are artificial 2D images designed to fool us doesn’t explain daily perception

Answer 6

cannot explain how perception works in first place babies have perceptual abilities not all perception is role of nurture struggles to explain innate perception

Answer 7

perception doesn’t draw on past experiences

Answer 8

sensation and perception are same eyes detect everything we need without making inferences

Answer 9

when moving, things in distance appear stationary and everything else rushes past perceptual info about speed and distance

Answer 10

monocular depth cue when moving past them closer objects appear to move faster than objects that are further away info about speed and distance

Answer 11

perception is innate not learnt

Answer 12

developed using research with pilots his work meant his theory was good at explaining how everyday perception of things like movement and depth occur real world relevance

Answer 13

difficult to explain perceptual errors apparently all we need to perceive is the rich info at retina our brain makes perceptual errors and draws wrong conclusion gregory’s theory is better at explaining illusions

Answer 14

research with young infants provided support gibson and walk 1960 showed infants were reluctant to go over the visual cliff unlikely that their reluctance was from something they learnt as they were very young some parts of human perception is innate supporting his theory

Answer 15

different cultures use depth cues differently so have diff perceptual set

Answer 16

emotion affects perceptual set eg perceptual defence where our brain blocks out upsetting or embarrassing things

Answer 17

find out if food deprivation affects perception of food if motivation is a factor that’s affects perception

Answer 18

participants either deprived of food for 20 hours or not as a control group shown 4 slides of meal 15 mins each the same switched off and on again and asked to adjust lighting

Answer 19

food deprived people perceived food as brighter the longer the deprived of food

Answer 20

sensitivity greater when food deprived hunger motivating factor of perception of food participants saw food as brighter and more appealing

Answer 21

support from other studies sanford deprived participants of food for varying lengths of time showed ambiguous figures more food deprived more likely to perceive pictures as food increased validity

Answer 22

unethical to deprive people of food although with consent participants may have not understood how hard it was and felt uncomfortable to withdraw as it would spoil the study unfair for participants to go hungry for an experiment

Answer 23

aspects of study were not like everyday life asked to judge pictures of food rather than real food judging pictures for brightness is not something we do daily decreases generalisability

Answer 24

if interpretation of an ambiguous figure was affected by context it was shown

Answer 25

ambiguous figure either B or 13 independent groups design either shown sequence of letters or numbers participants report and draw what they saw

Answer 26

more likely to see ambiguous figure as letter if corresponding sequence was letters vice versa

Answer 27

expectation is an important influence of perceptual set changing context in which visual information presented can change the way it’s perceived

Answer 28

ambiguous figure was used to test expectation which isn’t something we come across in daily life designed to trick participants on some occasions we may come across these kind of situations eg misreading spelling mistake but rare

Answer 29

independent groups design used individual differences between groups design eg more peoples name started with B in one group than other participants variables may have affected so it’s weak

Answer 30

can explain errors people make in real world US navy cruiser shot down civilian plane thinking it was military he was in a military area therefore raised expectations that it was military plane importance of expectation helps to avoid errors of judgement