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Psych 201 Exam 4 > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is Perceptional Organization?

A

Making sense of things by imposing structure.

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2
Q

What viewpoint (old dude) is Perceptional Organization? Explain.

A

Gestalt Viewpoint. The whole is different from its parts.

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3
Q

What are the 2 principles of Perceptional Organization?

A

Figure ground and grouping.

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4
Q

What is figure ground?

A

Organize stimulus into figure and ground (old/young woman example).

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5
Q

What is grouping?

A

Putting things together to form groups.

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6
Q

What are the 4 principles of grouping?

A

Similarity, proximity, closure, and continuity.

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7
Q

What is grouping by similarity?

A

Grouping together stimulus by similar elements (look alike).

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8
Q

What is grouping by Proximity?

A

Grouping together stimulus by how close together they are. The closer events/objects are to one another, the more they are perceived as belonging together.

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9
Q

What is grouping by Closure?

A

Filling in missing contours (connections) to form a complete object.

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10
Q

What is grouping by Continuity?

A

Creates a continuous form or pattern.

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11
Q

What is Perceptional Set?

A

A readiness to perceive stimuli in a particular way.

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12
Q

Why do Perceptional Sets differ from person to person?

A

Expectation, culture, and experience can influence perceptions.

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13
Q

What is functional fixedness?

A

Seeing an object as having one function, you are perceptually set to see this function and are unable to see other functions. (rat/man example).

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14
Q

What are Perceptual Consistencies?

A

Help see things as the same, even though they appear to change. Allows us to recognize familiar stimuli under various conditions, giving a stable experience even though the sensory input is ever changing.

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15
Q

What are the 3 kinds of perceptual consistency?

A

Size consistency, shape consistency, and brightness/color consistency.

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16
Q

What is Size Consistency?

A

Changes in size of a retinal image is interpreted as changes in distance.

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17
Q

What is Shape Consistency?

A

The perceived shape of an object remains the same, even when seen at different angles (Same shape, regardless of viewing angle).

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18
Q

What is Brightness/Color Consistency?

A

The brightness of the color of an objet remains the same under different conditions of illumination.

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19
Q

What is depth perception?

A

How far or near object are.

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20
Q

What are the 2 cues for perceiving depth?

A

Binocular and Monocular cues.

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21
Q

What is meant by binocular cues?

A

Require the use of both eyes.

22
Q

What is meant by monocular cues?

A

Only require 1 eye.

23
Q

What are the 2 binocular cues mentioned in class?

A
24
Q

What is eye convergence? Give an example.

A

Your eyes rotate inward to view a close object (cross eyed).

25
Q

What is binocular disparity?

A

Each eye sees a slightly different image because of a slightly different viewing angle.

26
Q

What is another name for binocular disparity?

A

Retinal Disparity

27
Q

What is the difference between pictorial and non-pictorial depth cues?

A

Pictorial cues may be perceived with only one eye and Non-pictorial cues always require both eyes to be working together.

28
Q

What is another name for interposition?

A

Superposition

29
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

The perception that parallel lines converge in the distance.

30
Q

What is interposition?

A

Objects closer to us may cut off part of our view of more distant objects.

31
Q

What is elevation?

A

The height in plane, and horizontal plane.

32
Q

What is texture gradient?

A

closer objects have greater detail.

33
Q

What is relative size?

A

If 2 objects are (thought to be) of smaller size, the one that appears smaller will be judged to be further away.

34
Q

What is motion parallax?

A

If we are moving, nearby objects appear to move faster than objects that are further away.

35
Q

What is ocular accommodation?

A

The ability of the lens to change its shape and bend light rays so that objects are in focus.

36
Q

What is another name for Ocular accommodation?

A

visual accommodation.

37
Q

When does depth perception start?

A

Around 5 months old.

38
Q

What is a visual cliff and what is it used for?

A

An apparent, but not actual, drop to test a babies depth perception.

39
Q

What is perception of movement?

A

Whether an object is moving, how fast is it going, and where it is heading.

40
Q

What are the 2 types of motion?

A

Real and apparent.

41
Q

What is meant by real motion?

A

Physical displacement of an object from one position to another.

42
Q

How does figure ground help us to determine real motion?

A

Stimulus crosses different backgrounds.

43
Q

What is looming?

A

When an object begins moving closer to the eye.

44
Q

What is apparent motion?

A

Perception of motion when there is none.

45
Q

What are the 2 types of apparent motion discussed in class?

A

Stroboscopic Motion (illusion) and Autokinetic Effect (illusion).

46
Q

What is stroboscopic motion?

A

An illusion of movement/motion created when we see slightly different images in rapid succession (motion pictures; Old flip books) or slightly displaced lights flashed on and off in rapid succession. (Railroad Crossing; lights around marquees)

47
Q

What is Autokinetic Illusion of Motion?

A

The perceived motion created by a single stationary object. Slight movement of the eye muscles.

48
Q

What is an example of Autokinetic Illusion of Motion?

A

Standing in a room that is absolutely dark and stare at a tiny spot of light, light will appear to move because no frame of reference.

49
Q

What are illusions?

A

Compelling but incorrect perceptions. A visual stimulus that “fools” the eye.

50
Q

What are the 3 kinds of illusions talked about in class?

A

Ponzo Illusions, Ames Room Illusions, and Muller-Lyer Illusions.

Psych 201 Exam 4 (3 decks)

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