Perception Flashcards
What is perception?
is it a top down or bottom up approach?
what is a top down approach?
1-Perception is the integration of stimulation from our senses-active and inferences
2-top down approach
3-involvement of memory, expectations, mood, current context and beliefs
Inferences:
What is perceptual constancy?
1- Our perception of the world remains re-remarkably constant
size- unaffected by distance
shape-
colour-same colour day and night
brightness-white wall remains bright
We compensate for changes and incorporate information
What is brightness contrast?
1-Not solely dependent on the absolute amount of light reflected from the surface, but also dependent on amount of light reflected from other objects
Name three top down approaches?
1- Phonemic restoration
2- illusory contours
3- degraded figures
What is phonemic restoration?
1-is a perceptual illusion in which a listener hears a speech sound that is not actually present
What is illusory contours?
1- Evoke the perception of an edge without luminance or colour change
What is a perceptual set?
Readiness to interpret stimuli in a certain way depending on expectations etc
Perceptually ambiguous figures:
can be perceived in how many ways? describe this
1- same raw data but two different interpretations>same retinal imagine
This can bias interpretation by manipulating someones perceptual set
Perception and reality:
Describe:
What did stratton do?
We impose out own interpretation of the world, never passively observing
>stratton created goggles>inverted world
Visual perception:
What is depth perception?
How many types of depth perception are there?
name two depth cues:
1-Ability to judge distance
2- there are two types: relative distance and absolute distance
3- Binocular and monocular
Name the binocular depth cues:
Convergence: Eyes move together as an object gets closer. (muscle tension is a cue)
binocular disparity: Different views presented to each eye and are interpreted by the brain.
The further the object the less disparity.
Name monocular depth cues:
1-Motion parallax: 2-relative size: 3:linear perspective: 4:aerial 5:texture occlusion
What is motion parallax?
Objects closer to an observer appear to move faster than objects that appear to be further away from us
What is monocular relative size:
moon illusion?
Size of an object relative to others around it and allows us to determine how close an object is to us.
attribute difference in size of retinal image to distance rather than size
moon illusion- moon seems larger and closer when it is near the horizon than when its in the sky. Automatically scale the size of the moon according to distance.
Linear perspective?
Convergence of parallel lines
they converge at the vanishing point
Aerial?
Distant objects are fuzzy due to moisture and particles in the air
Texture?
Distance means denser and less detailed and closer together
Occlusion?
Objects that occlude (block view) appear closer
What is visual illusions?
Cues leading you to an interpretation that is incorrect
Name three visual illusions
1-Muller Lyer illusion
2-Ponzo illusion
3-Ames room illusion
What is muller Lyer illusion?
Depth cues suggest it is closer
size constancy causes us to see same size retinal image as larger
What is ponzo illusion?
Texture and perspective tells you that the image is larger
liner perspective suggests object is further away
What is ames room illusion?
All depth cues suggest people are the same distance from the observer when they arent
Auditory perception:
How do we use our ears to infer where an object is?
1- difference in intensity of sound at two ears
and the difference in time it takes to reach each ear. Sound travels slower than light
overall intensity: if its louder it means its closer
