Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Memory and Cognition > Perception and attention > Flashcards

Perception and attention Flashcards

1
Q

perception

A

experience that results from stimulation of the senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

scene schema

A

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

inverse projection problem

A

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one’s retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

early selection model

A

where the filter eliminates unattended information at the beginning of the information flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

speech segmentation

A

the ability to tell when one word in a conversation ends and another begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transitional probability

A

the likelihood that one sound will follow another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

apparent movement

A

illusion of movement perception when stimuli in different locations are flashed one after the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

regularities in the environment

A

characteristics that occur regularly - blue = sky, landscape = green, verticals = buildings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the law of pragnanz?

A

where every stimulus pattern is seen to be as simple as possible
also called law of simplicity, law of good figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

unconscious inference

A

belief that some of our perceptions are the result of unconscious assumptions we make
Helmholtz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a transitional probability

A

where there is a likelihood that one speech sound will follow another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is top-down processing?

A

involves a persons prior knowledge or expectation
also called knowledge-based processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is speech segmentation?

A

where you perceive individual words within a continuous flow of speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are semantic regularities?

A

the characteristics normally associated with a scene, eg cooking, eating, preparation in a kitchen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is prior probability?

A

someones initial belief about the probability of an outcome of something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is bottom-up processing?

A

processing that starts when information is received by the receptors

17
Q

what is attention?

A

when you focus (or attend to something) - specific features, objects, locations, thoughts or activities

18
Q

what is change blindness

A

difficulty in detecting changes in similar but slightly different scenes, mostly when you are not paying attention

19
Q

what is change detection?

A

detecting differences between images that are presented one after the other

20
Q

what is the cocktail party effect?

A

the ability to focus on one stimulus while filtering out others, especially at a party where there are lots of simultaneous conversations

21
Q

what are continuity errors?

A

changes that occur between scenes in film that dont match

22
Q

what is covert attention?

A

shifting attention without moving the eyes

23
Q

what is the filter model of attention

A

model of attention that proposes a filter that lets attended stimuli through and blocks some or all unattended

24
Q

what is a filter?

A

Broadbent’s model - it identifies the message being attended to based on physical characteristics, and only lets this through to next stage

25
Q

fixation

A

pausing the eyes on something while observing a scene

26
Q

what are high-load tasks?

A

a task that uses most or all of a persons resources so that they can’t handle any other tasks

27
Q

what is inattentional blindness?

A

not noticing something that is in clear view because you have not been attending to it

28
Q

what is inattentional deafness?

A

when inattention causes you to miss an auditory stimulus

29
Q

late selection models of attention

A

where selection of stimuli for final processing doesn’t occur until the information has been analysed for meaning

30
Q

what is the load theory of attention?

A

where the ability to ignore task-irrelevant stimuli depends on the load of the task being carried out

31
Q

what are low-load tasks

A

tasks that don’t use many resources - can work on more than 1 low-load task

32
Q

what is mind wandering

A

thoughts that come from within, often unintentionally

33
Q

what is overt attention

A

shifting attention by moving the eyes

34
Q

what is perceptual load?

A

the amount of information involved in the processing of the task stimuli

35
Q

what is selective attention?

A

where you can focus on one message and ignore all others

36
Q

what is the stroop effect

A

in the stroop task, when people find the task difficult when the word RED is printed in blue ink

37
Q

what is visual scanning?

A

where you move your eyes from one location or object to another

38
Q

what is a visual search

A

where you are looking for one stimulus or object among a group

Memory and Cognition (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions