Perception and Learning

Question 1

what are four factors that influence learning?

Answer 1

1. Motive
2. Stimuli
3. Reward
4. Reinforcement
   5.Environment

Question 2

make a list of attribution error.

Answer 2

Fundamental Attribution Error
Overestimating the role of personal traits and underestimating situational factors when judging others’ behavior.

Self-Serving Bias
Attributing one’s own successes to internal factors (like skill) and failures to external factors (like bad luck).

Actor-Observer Bias
Attributing our own actions to the situation, but others’ actions to their personality.

False Consensus Effect
Believing that others think or behave the same way we do more often than they actually do.
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Halo Effect*
Allowing one positive trait (like attractiveness or intelligence) to influence overall judgment of a person.

Horn Effect
Letting one negative trait unfairly influence your perception of a person’s entire character.

Question 3

What is attribution Theory?

Answer 3

Attribution Theory is a psychological concept that explains how people interpret and assign causes to behavior — either their own or others’.

Question 4

What are the major dimensions of social learning theory?

Answer 4

1. Attention
Learning begins when an individual pays attention to the model or behavior.
Influenced by the model’s attractiveness, relevance, and the observer’s focus.

2. Retention
The ability to remember what was observed.
Information must be stored mentally to be recalled later.

3. Reproduction
The learner must be capable of reproducing or imitating the behavior.
Involves physical and mental ability to perform the learned actions.
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4. Motivation
The desire or reason to imitate the behavior.
Influenced by expected outcomes, rewards, or punishments.

5. Reinforcement (Optional but Important)
Positive or negative consequences influence whether the behavior will be repeated.
Can be direct (from experience), vicarious (observing others), or self-reinforcement.

Question 5

Discuss the principles of learning in organizational setting

Answer 5

**Motivation **– Learning improves with rewards and personal growth opportunities.
Reinforcement – Positive feedback encourages good behavior; negative feedback discourages bad ones.
**Practice **– Repetition and hands-on training strengthen skills.
Feedback – Timely, clear feedback boosts learning and confidence.
Goal Setting – Clear goals give direction and focus to learning.
Participation – Active involvement improves understanding and retention.
Transfer of Learning – Skills should be applicable to real work situations.
Individual Differences – Learning methods should suit different learners.
**Environment **– A calm, resourceful setting enhances learning.
Relevance – Training should match job roles for better impact.