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Movement Science > Performance and Learning > Flashcards

Performance and Learning Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What 2 components does motor development include?

A

growth and aging

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2
Q

What is another name for motor control?

A

Neuromuscular control

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3
Q

Is motor control more behavioral or physiological?

A

Physiological

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4
Q

Is motor learning more behavioral or physiological?

A

Behavioral

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5
Q

What are the 5 components of motor skills?

A
  1. Goal oriented
  2. Include body and/or limb movements
  3. Voluntary
  4. Developed as a result of practice
  5. Can be learned, recalled, relearned, and modified
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6
Q

Define learning

A

The relatively permanent change in a person’s capability to execute a motor skill

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7
Q

What is the best way to learn?

A

Making errors

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8
Q

Movement involves the interaction of what 3 elements?

A

Person
Task
Environment

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9
Q

Are “abilities” learned or inherited traits?

A

Inherited traits

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10
Q

Are “skills” learned or inherited traits?

A

Learned

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11
Q

What is a synonym for “abilities”?

A

Hardware

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12
Q

What is a synonym for “skills”?

A

Software

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13
Q

What is neuroplasticity?

A

Significant cortical reorganization of the CNS

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14
Q

When is cortical excitability the greatest?

A

Later in the day compared to the morning

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15
Q

What is the greatest modality to promote beneficial neuroplastic change?

A

Physical activity

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16
Q

What are the 2 classifications of motor skills?

A
  1. Gross motor skills

2. Fine motor skills

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17
Q

What type of movements are associated with gross motor skills?

A

Multi-limb movements with little precision

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18
Q

What type of movements are associated with fine motor skills?

A

Small and precise movements

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19
Q

What are the 3 subcategories of the nature of movement organization?

A
  1. Discrete skill
  2. Continuous skill
  3. Serial skill
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20
Q

What is a defining characteristic of a discrete skill?

A

Single execution that has a defined beginning and end

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21
Q

For continuous skills, what is unique about the beginning and end of the skill?

A

Beginning and end are arbitrary

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22
Q

What type of skill would you be using if the motion is rhythmic or repetitive?

A

Continuous skill

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23
Q

What type of skill would you be using if the motion is a series of movements?

24
Q

What is the most important thing in a serial skill?

Study These Flashcards
A

The ORDER of the movements

25
What is the duration of discrete skills?
Short duration
26
What are the 2 skill classifications based on environmental predictability?
1. Closed skill | 2. Open skill
27
What is the level of predictability for a closed skill?
High level of predictability
28
What are the 2 main objectives of closed skills?
Consistency and refinement
29
What is the level of predictability for an open skill?
Unpredictable
30
What is the key objective for open skills?
Adaptability
31
What type of environment is best during early learning stages?
Closed environment
32
What are the 2 components to Gentile's 2-Dimensional Taxonomy?
Environmental Context | Action Function
33
What are the 2 subdivisions of "Environment" in the taxonomy?
Stationary | In motion
34
What are the 2 subdivisions of "Function of Action" in the taxonomy?
Stable body | Mobile body
35
Is learning measured or inferred?
Inferred
36
Is performance measured or inferred?
Measured
37
What are the 4 ways that we could infer that learning has occurred if performance is variable?
1. Persistent improvement 2. Better consistency 3. Stability of performance 4. Adaptability
38
How do we measure consistency?
Variable error
39
What are the 2 models of the Stages of Motor Skill Learning?
1. Fitts and Posner 3-stage Model | 2. Gentile 2-stage Model
40
The 2 models of Stages of Motor Skill Learning have something in common about the beginning of learning. What is that commonality?
Learning begins as a COGNITIVE process
41
What are the 3 stages of the Fitts and Posner 3-stage Model?
1. Cognitive stage 2. Associative stage 3. Autonomous stage
42
What are the key characteristics of the cognitive stage?
"Getting the idea" Performance is highly variable with lack of consistency
43
During the cognitive stage, does task knowledge improve faster or slower than motor performance?
Faster
44
During the cognitive stage, are errors high or low in number?
High
45
During the cognitive stage, do learners know how to identify and correct their own errors?
No
46
What are they key characteristics of the associative stage?
Learner can associate specific environmental cues with the movements required to achieve the goal of the skill
47
How should the learner approach the associative stage in terms of how many strategies to try?
Learner should try using multiple strategies
48
During the associative stage, do learners know how to identify and correct their own errors?
Learner can identify them but not necessarily correct them
49
During the autonomous stage, do learners know how to identify and correct their own errors?
Yes to both
50
What are the 2 stages of the Gentile's 2-stage Model?
1. Initial Stage | 2. Later Stage
51
What are the main goals during the initial stage?
Develop a movement pattern that allows success Discriminate between regulatory conditions and non-regulatory conditions
52
How does one gain success during the initial stage?
Through TRIAL AND ERROR
53
What is a regulatory condition?
Something about the environment that dictates the task performance
54
What do the goals depend on in the later stage?
The type of skill
55
For closed skills, during the later stage, what is the goal?
Fixation
56
For open skills, during the later stage, what is the goal?
Diversification

Movement Science (2 decks)

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