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Pharmacology final > Performance Enhancing drugs > Flashcards

Performance Enhancing drugs Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

ergogenic

A

enhance physical performance

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2
Q

athlete use banned ergogenic drug

A

doping

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3
Q

WADA

A

world anti doping agency (1999)

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4
Q

in competition

A

11:59PM the day before the event until the end of the event and testing period

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5
Q

out of competition

A

all times

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6
Q

can urine samples be frozen

A

yes, can be tested years later for new substances or if athlete appeals

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7
Q

positive test

A

tribunal to hear evidence
athlete can defend themselves

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8
Q

common sanctions

A

banned from competition, temporary or permanent
removal of medals or awards
loss of salary and games in pro sports

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9
Q

how can urine be faked or cheated

A

hidden bag of clean urine
use of diuretics days in advance to flush out substance (also banned tho)
help from another person for the sample
final data manipulated

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10
Q

how substances are on the list

A

meet 2 of the 3 criteria:
potential to enhance or enhances sport performance
represents actual or potential health risk
violates the spirit of sport

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11
Q

are substances that resemble some on the list banned

A

yes

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12
Q

specified substance and non-specified

A

only important for the sanctioning process
recognizes that it is possible for a substance to enter an athlete’s body without him knowing

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13
Q

specified

A

potentially allows a reduction of sanction

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14
Q

non-specified

A

always result in sanction

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15
Q

substance of abuse

A

non ergogenic drug commonly abused outside of sport
recreational or street drug

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16
Q

therapeutic use exemption

A

can take it if prescribed and necessary

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17
Q

anabolic agents

A

any amount is considered a +ve test

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18
Q

hormones and related substances

A

above normal is +ve

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19
Q

estrogen

A

not prohibited
blockers are

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20
Q

hormone releasing factors

A

EPO agents
GH
sex hormones
insulin

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21
Q

hormone antagonist and modulators

A

myostatin modulators

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22
Q

diuretics and other masking agents

A

increase excretions of prohibited drugs
related to plasma expanders, decrease concentration of substances or hematocrit

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23
Q

stimulants

A

most are prohibited

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24
Q

narcotics

A

street drugs
cocaine
cannabinoids

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25
corticosteroids
all prohibited topical may be okay, need TUE
26
prohibited methods
gene doping/editing use of normal or genetically modified cells manipulation of blood or blood products (blood doping)
27
methodes not necessarily prohibited
hypoxic chambers supplemental O2 by inhalation
28
substances only prohibited in certain sports, during competition
alcohol and beta-blockers during
29
substances not prohibited
caffeine nicotine phenylephrine, decongestant, increase BP, dilate pupil
30
stimulants increase
arousal and alertness through stim of the CNS used for cheating
31
pharmacodynamics
symphathomimetic amines increase numbers of nneurotransmitters act as agonist for sympathetic receptors increase BP HR RR metabolic rate FFA levels
32
signs of amphetamine use
dilated pupils dry mouth lip smacking restlessness reduced appetite cramps weight loss tremors argumentative talkative/rapide speech anxiety hallucinations increased libido
33
repeated use of ampetamines
decreases sex drive
34
adverse events of amphetamines
arrhythmia sudden cardiac death stroke heat stroke psychosis depression heart disease dependence
35
ephedrine
from plant called ma-huang related to amphetamine stimulate release of epinephrine used to make methamphetamine energy enhancer increases fat utilization as energy
36
caffeine found in
coffee colas tea chocolate energy drinks pills other
37
why are caffeine levels high in energy drinks
add pure caffeine as well as plant extracts
38
plants that contain caffeine
kola nut yerba maté guarana berries guayusa yaupon holly
39
caffeine ranked from most to least
coffee energy drinks espresso/cappuccino soft drinks tea chocolate decaf
40
ergogenic effects of coffee
extend endurance in strenuous aerobic activities enhances strength in repeated submax muscle actions stays in system
41
mechanism of action of caffeine
facilitates fat use and exercise fuel by promoting lipolisis, increasing FFA affects CNS by crossing the BBB, analgesic effect reducing perception of effort enhances MN excitability to facilitate MNU recruitment
42
disadvantages of caffeine
inconsistent response diet can decrease effects components in coffee antagonize effects of caffeine, pill is better can build up tolerance to benefit in athletic performance should abstain for 4-6 days before nervous anxiety restlessness
43
testosterone and other anabolic agents
androgenic effect : masculinizing anabolic: growth they cannot be seperated
44
synthetic versions of testosterone and other anabolic agents
used to treat cancer delayed puberty micropenis anemia burns aids trauma athletes to cheat
45
pharmacokinetics anabolic
taken orally: short half life injected, intravenous: longer half life not normally injected intramuscularly chemically modified to avoid first pass effect and liver
46
ergogenic effect of anabolics
increase protein synthesis, muscle strength, lean body mass effective only in previously trained athletes requires training, good diet, protein not clear if overall performance is enhanced
47
adverse effects of anabolics
increase cholesterol jaundice type 2 diabetes shrinking testicles decreased sperm count cv disease sudden cardiac death
48
additional s/s anabolics
dramatic increase in body bulk erratic mood swings acne balding in females other masculine effects
49
HGH
synthetic used to treat hormone deficiencies, aging, chronic disease
50
pharmaco dynamics or anabolic
stimulate protein synthesis increase m. mass accelerate bone growth increased bone density increased size of organs enhanced by EPO
51
pharmacodynamics HGH
promote protein synthesis promotes muscle, bone, and cartilage growth promotes fat use fro energy
52
pharmacokinetics HGH
polypeptide hormone injection, subcutaneous or intramuscular subject to first pass effect and digestion if oral
53
ergogenic effect HGH
increase m. size and strength increase lean body mass effect on athletic performance is controversial
54
adverse effects HGH
metabolic changes neuromuscular problems skin and tissue defects skeletal changes visceral growth
55
beta-2 agonist
always prohibited stimulant and anabolic effects reduces protein degradation high doses lean body mass increase and muscle strength
56
recombinant EPO
stimulates natural EPO raising hematocrit increase O2 and CO2 carrying capacity increase performance chance of blood clot or edema
57
synthetic vs natural EPO
small difference allows to detect
58
EPO use
in hospitals: chronic illness
59
side effects of rEPO
increased blood viscosity thrombosis MI dehydration increase blood thickness headache hypertension seizures
60
diuretics and other masking agents
increase excretion of prohibited drug help loose water weight
61
pharmacodynamics diuretics
increase excretions of sodium and water from kidney to urine
62
adverse effects diuretics
dehydration loss of performance in endurance sports hyperkalemia hypovolemia
63
anti-inflammatory drugs
corticosteroids prevent pain and inflammation stimulates gluconeogenesis and catabolism of protein inhibits immune system

Pharmacology final (2 decks)

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