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Pathophysiology semester 2 > Perfusion > Flashcards

Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Perfusion

A

the passage of oxygenated capillary blood through body tissues

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2
Q

What does adequate perfusion depend on

A

normal functioning of respiratory and cardiac functions

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3
Q

What is the command center of perfusion

A

heart

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4
Q

What is the most influential structure in blood flow regulation

A

arteries

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5
Q

What make arteries able to contract and dilate

A

muscular walls

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6
Q

What occurs when the pressure in the arteries/arterioles increases

A

the resistance against the pumping action of the heart increases

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7
Q

What holds arteries together

A

tunica adventitia

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8
Q

What differentiates between an artery and a vein

A

tunica media

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9
Q

Why is the tunica media important in arteries

A

the smooth muscle is needed to pump oxygenated blood out, dilates and contracts

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10
Q

Parts of an artery from the outside in

A

Tunica adventitia/externa, tunica media, tunica intima

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11
Q

What is the tunica adventitia/externa made of

A

connective tissue

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12
Q

What is the tunica media made of

A

smooth muscle

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13
Q

What is the tunica intima made of

A

basement membrane and endothelial cells

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14
Q

Endothelium

A

smooth, continuous surface of endothelial cells that make up the innermost layer of all arteries and the heart

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15
Q

What does the endothelium do

A

metabolically active tissue that releases substances, reacts to chemical mediators, and responds to blood contents

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16
Q

Metabolic functions of the endothelium (6)

A

fluid filtration, maintenance of blood vessel tone, hemostasis, angiogenesis, neutrophil chemotaxis, and hormone secretion

17
Q

What does the endothelium secrete

A

nitric oxide, endothelin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thromboxone A2, prostacyclin, von willebrand factor

18
Q

What does the nitric oxide do

A

stimulates blood vessel vasodilation

19
Q

What does endothelin do

A

stimulates vessel vasoconstriction

20
Q

What does vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) do

A

stimulates the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis)

21
Q

What does thromboxane do

A

activates clotting

22
Q

What does prostacyclin do

A

inhibits clotting

23
Q

What does von willebrand factor do

A

activates clotting

24
Q

Why is endothelial injury important

A

key event in the development of atherosclerosis leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation

25
Q

Vasoconstriction or vasodilation with endothelial injury

A

vasoconstriction with an increase in substances at the site –> decreased perfusion

26
Q

What substances are affected by endothelial injury

A

WBC to the site of the injury, inhibits release of nitric oxide, increases release of von willebrand factor

Pathophysiology semester 2 (33 decks)

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