Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUR 333: > Perfusion, Cardiovascular, and Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

Perfusion, Cardiovascular, and Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

perfusion

A

passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ tissue
- bring o2 to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by the heart in one min
- measured w invasive procedures, less accurate measures are VS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stroke volume

A

Amount of blood ejected from the LV every time it pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heart rate

A

Number of times heart beats/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What can alter cardiac output

A

Any changes in HR, stroke volume or myocardial contractility
- can occur bc meds, disease processes, activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myocardial contractility

A

How hard heart contracts regardless of stretch factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ejection fraction

A

The percent of blood pumped out of the LV w each contraction
- normal is above 50%
- heart failure is less than 40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by the blood against the bv walls
- needs to be adequate to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest
- 120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Difference between sbp and dbp
- normal: should be 1/3 of sbp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

High pulse pressure caused by

A

Atherosclerosis
Excerise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Low pulse pressure

A

Severe heart failure
Hypovolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

Regular rhythm but strength varies w each beat
- possible explanation is heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

CPR: performed when no pulse respirations
- CAB: circulate o2 blood to brain
* need to add more*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HTN

A

Pressure in ur arteries is high causing increased peripheral vascular resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is HTN bad

A

Causes adverse affects on arterial walls
- if left untreated it can cause dec blood flow and perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors influencing bp

A

Age, stress, ethnicity, genetics, gender, daily variation, medications, activity, weight, smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of risk factors for bp

A

Modifiable:
- DM, elevated serum levels, excess Na, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, stress, tobacco, alcohol
Non modifiable:
- family history, race, ethnicity, increasing age, gender, chronic kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnosis is HTN

A

Avg or 2 or more readings in on at least subsequent visits that are above 120/80

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HTN symptoms

A

Dizziness, headache, heart palpations, nose bleeds, SOB, anger, red face, visual problems, fatigue, insomnia, sore knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Complications of HTN

A
  • cardiovascular disease
  • myocardial infarction
  • heart attack / failure
  • stroke
  • peripheral vascular disease
  • renal disease
  • retinal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Nursing actions for HTN

A
  • measure BP
  • lifestyle modifications
  • determine risk factors
  • educate
    Goal: prevent heart disease, stroke, renal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Education to teach pt for HTN

A
  • how to check BP
  • potential dangers
  • management options
  • lifestyle modifications
  • nutrition
  • exercise
  • stress management
  • drug therapy
  • when to seek care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hypertensive crisis: when to seek immediate care

A
  • severe headaches, dyspnea, chest pain, dizziness, numbness, weakness, loss of vision, difficulty speaking, nosebleeds, severe anxiety, unresponsive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diet often prescribed to HTN pt

A

DASH: dietary approach to stop HTN
- sometimes restrict Na intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hypotension
Low bp, usually sbp falls below 90
26
Causes of hypotension
- dilation of arteries - loss of blood volume - failure of heart muscles to pump
27
Do we treat just number of bp
Yes and no, we address number but also pts baseline, if they have any symptoms
28
why do we care about hypotension
Need to make sure organs are getting the proper amount of o2 to function properly
29
Symptoms of hypotension
- skin: pallor, skin mottling, clamminess - dec perfusion to brain: lightheadedness, dizziness (syncope) - blurred vision - chest pain - inc HR - decreased urine output - nausea/ vomiting
30
Treating hypotension
Treat cause - Vasodilation - loss of blood volume - failure of heart muscle to pump
31
Nursing considerations for hypotension
- monitor VS - assess for symptoms - consider more Na in diet - inc fluids - compression fluids - medications
32
Orthostatic hypotension
Decreased blood pressure if you stand up too fast - creates fall risk - blood can pool in areas like brain - typically elderly ppl, immobile/ bed rest
33
Diagnosing orthostatic hypotension
Sbp dec 20 Dbp decrease by 10 - measure bp supine, sitting, standing etc, w/in 3 mins of each other
34
Nursing considerations for orthostatic hypotension
- change positions slowly - don’t cross legs - early ambulation - isometric exercises - compression hose - avoid standing - risk for falls
35
Hyperlipidemia
Too many lipids ( cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood
36
Cholesterol
Waxy fat like substances found in all cells of the body - made in the liver
37
Triglycerides
Most common fat in the body’ - made in body and ingest it
38
Why do we care about hyperlipidemia
Can form hard deposits inside arteries - can build up on artery walls causing it to narrow and became less elastic
39
Hyperlipidemia diagnostic tests
- test at age 20, then a 4-5 yr - age 40, assess risk for cardiovascular disease/stroke - must fast 9-12 hr before
40
Hyperlipidemia nursing care
- assess what they can change - be active - maintain healthy weight - limit smoking - dietary modifications - lipid lowering drug therapy
41
Dietary modifications for Hyperlipidemia
- reduce trans/sat fats - inc complex carbs and fibers - limit major sources of cholesterol, alcohol, simple sugars - eat fatty fish (salmon, herring, mackerel, sardines) - other foods high in omega 3 fas
42
VTE
Venous thromboembolism - obstruction of a bv by a blood clot that has become dislodged from another site and is moving in the circulation - commonly starts in legs and travels to lungs
43
Who is at risk for VTE
Ppl who have - venous stasis - hypercoagulability - endothelial damage
44
Venous stasis
Blood pools caused by - obesity, pregnancy, post surgery, thickened blood
45
Endothelial damage
Lining of vessel has injury from - IV fluids - drug abuse - fracture, dislocation - diabetes
46
VTE s/s
- localized redness, tenderness, swelling over vein sites - warmth, firmness in muscle - complaints of pain in calf w ambulation - unilateral
47
Assessing for VTE
Palpation and visual - often they are deep so must palpate in order for pt to feel tenderness
48
VTE diagnosis
obtain history, physical assessment, vascular ultrasounds - ultrasounds only reliable tool to detect (non invasive and will look dismally from area of concern)
49
Why do we care about VTE
Pulmonary embolism: a dislodged clot that travels to lungs and blocks blood flow
50
Nursing care for VTE
- assess for symptoms - measure calf circumference - tenderness, phlebitis - early ambulation - TED hose, SCDs, calf pumping
51
VTE treatment
- prevention - anticoagulation - thromoblytic (lysis of thrombus) - IVC filter (vena cava device that strains blood to catch clots before getting to lungs
52
diagnostics related to cardiovascular systems for fundamentals
- complete blood count - fasting lipid panel - chest x ray - electrocardiography
53
Hemoglobin and hematocrit counts
Hgb: Fe containing pigment of RBC that o2 adheres to - f: 12-16, m: 14-18 Hct: % of total volume of blood that is made of RBC - f: 37-47%, m: 42-52%
54
ECG
Electrocardiogram: measures sinus rhythms
55
Normal sinus rhythm
Originate in the SA node, follows normal sequence through conduction system - P, PR, QRS, QT
56
Telemetry
Monitors heart activity for an ongoing basis - shows heart rhythm, continuous monitors but not as through as EKG
57
electrode placement of telemetry
-snow over grass - smoke over fire - chocolate by my heart (5th intercostal space) - snow and smoke (2nd intercostal space) - grass and fire below rib cage
58
Potential cardiac problems
- unstable bp - activity intolerance - dec cardiac output - ineffective tissue perfusion - risk for dec tissue perfusion - fatigue - impaired gas exchange - ineffective airway clearance - fluid volume excess/deficit
59
Nursing assessments for cardiac system
- inspect/palpate - auscultation - obtain history - assess/monitor VS and O2 - skin - LOC changes - peripheral pulses - calf tenderness - edema - JVD: jugular venous dissension
60
Abnormal heart sounds
- S3/4 - murmurs: swishing, problem with valve - clicks : mechanical valve? - rubs: scratchy
61
5 p’s for cardiac assessment
Pain Pulse Pallor Paresthesia: numbness Paralysis: movement
62
Nursing implementations for cardiac
- strict i and o - oxygen prn - telemetry - med admin - monitor labs - implement heart healthy diet - limit stress - prevent thrombus formation
63
Nursing collab cardio
- cardio pulm rehab - hcp - cardiologist - rt - code team - dietician - cardiac nurse navigators - support groups - social services/ case manager
64
Pt teaching cardio
- pt centered - set goals - no smoking - limit stress - control HTN, HLP, DM - nutrition - exercise
65
Afterload
Amount of pressure the heart needs to exert to eject blood during ventricular contraction
66
Infarction/necrosis
Obstruction of bloody supply to an organ/region and can cause tissue death - typically cause by thrombus/embolus
67
Ischemia
Blood flow is restricted restricting o2 to reach that area risking hypoxia
68
Preload
Force that stretches the cardiac muscle prior to contraction
69
stroke
Blood supply to the brain is cut off, preventing o2 from reaching the brain

NUR 333: (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions