Perfusion Meds

Question 1

what is the action of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 1

Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which causes vasodilation

Question 2

ACE inhibitors prevent….

Answer 2

remodeling of the heart

Question 3

why would a patient be given an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 3

–reduce afterload (HF)

Question 4

What are some side effects of an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 4

• -Dry cough
• -Orthostatic hypotension
• hyperkalemia
• proteinuria
• taste disturbances (captopril)

Question 5

How long should BP be monitored after administering an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 5

continually for the 1st 2 hours

Question 6

what should temporarily be stopped prior to administration of an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 6

Diuretic for 2-3 days prior to help prevent Orthostatic hypotension

Question 7

Since hyperkalemia is a risk for taking an ACE inhibitor, what should the nurse tell the patient to avoid?

Answer 7

salt substitutes

Question 8

What meds should the nurse advise the patient to avoid when taking an ACE inhibitor?

Answer 8

NSAIDS

Question 9

What does a loop diuretic end in and what should the patient notify the doctor of if they have the symptom?

Answer 9

• -ide

- -tinnitus (ototoxicity)

Question 10

When a patient is taking a potassium sparing diuretic, what should the nurse advise the patient to avoid?

Answer 10

–potassium rich foods (bananas, oranges, dates)

Question 11

What should the nurse consider when giving any kind of diuretic?

Answer 11

• -monitor weight daily
• -monitor electrolytes
• -obtain BP prior to administration

Question 12

What is the antidote for heparin?

Answer 12

protamine sulfate

Question 13

What is the antidote for warfarin?

Answer 13

Vit. K

Question 14

What type of antiplatelet is commonly used after cardiac surgery?

Answer 14

Dipyridamole

Question 15

what should be given with an antiplatelet to prevent GI bleed?

Answer 15

• -ranitidine (H2 agonist) or

- -Omeprazole (PPI)

Question 16

what is dobutamine used for?

Answer 16

• -Increase CO, contractility

- -reduce PVR and PAWP

Question 17

Why would a patient be given dobutamine?

Answer 17

• -CHF
• -Cardiogenic shock
• -Hemodynamically significant hypotension

Question 18

What is the initial rate of dobutamine?

Answer 18

0.5 mg/kg/min IV

Question 19

Why should dobutamine be titrated?

Answer 19

so HR does not increase >10% (can extend MI)

Question 20

What are some side effects of dobutamine?

Answer 20

• -Angina
• -HTN
• -hypokalemia
• -Increased ventricular ectopy
• -allergic reaction

Question 21

What is the mechanism of action of dopamine ?

Answer 21

Alpha and beta receptor stimulator

Question 22

Why would a patient be given dopamine?

Answer 22

• -Cardiogenic shock
• -CHF
• -Increase BP when it is super low

Question 23

What are some precautions when taking dopamine?

Answer 23

• -excessive vasoconstriction
• -tachycardia
• -arrhythmias
• -N/V

Question 24

Dopamine should not be mixed with what type of solution?

Answer 24

alkaline solutions (becomes inactive)

Question 25

What are some side effects of dopamine?

Answer 25

- -Angina - -Aberrant conduction - -azotemia - -Widening QRS - -hypo/hypertension

Question 26

What drug class is epinephrine in?

Answer 26

alpha/beta adrenergic agonist

Question 27

Why is epinephrine given?

Answer 27

- -Increases systemic Blood pressure and decreases diastolic blood pressure - -improves blood flow during an arrest

Question 28

when should epinephrine be given?

Answer 28

- -V-fib. or V-tach without a pulse - -Asystole - -PEA - -Stokes Adams syndrome - -bradycardia

Question 29

What is the dosage for epinephrine?

Answer 29

1 mg IVP every 3-5 min.

Question 30

where is nitroprusside normally used?

Answer 30

ICU

Question 31

What is the mechanism of action of nitroprusside?

Answer 31

vasodilates- reduces afterload, lowers BP

Question 32

why would a patient be given nitroprusside?

Answer 32

- -hypertensive crisis | - -CHF (esp. pulmonary edema)

Question 33

what position should the patient be in when giving nitroprusside?

Answer 33

sitting/laying (if standing patient may fall)

Question 34

What are some precautions with nitroprusside?

Answer 34

- -Monitor VS - -Block from light - -may cause CO2 retention

Question 35

What should nitroprusside be mixed with?

Answer 35

D5W

Question 36

What med should the nurse ask the patient if they take prior to giving nitroprusside?

Answer 36

ED meds like viagra

Question 37

Prior to giving digoxin the nurse should assess...

Answer 37

apical pulse for full minute

Question 38

What are signs of dig. toxicity?

Answer 38

- -visual changes (yellow/green halo) | - -loss of appetite

Question 39

Is furosemide potassium sparing or potassium wasting?

Answer 39

Potassium wasting