Pericardial Disorders and Cardiac Neoplasia Flashcards
(42 cards)
what is the most common pericardial disorder in dogs and cats?
pericardial effusion (dogs>cats)
usually what type of fluid is pericardial effusion in dogs?
sanguineous (hemorrhagic)
T/F: as long as IPP
TRUE, intrapericardial pressure needs to be lower so it doesn’t limit the heart’s ability to relax
what allows the parietal pericardium sac to stretch over time to accommodate increasing volume?
fibrous/fibroelastic properties
what is cardiac tamponade?
when IPP equals or exceeds ICP, diastolic filling decreases
what is a consequence of cardiac tamponade?
increase in systemic venous pressure (especially on right side) > congestion and effusion
do dogs or cats more commonly develop tamponade and therefore require pericardiocentesis?
dogs
what is the typical signalment of dogs with pericardial effusion?
middle-age to older, large & medium breeds (golden retriever, GSD, labs, brachycephalics), males
how do dogs with acute pericardial effusion commonly present?
collapse or weakness
what symptom in a dog with pericardial effusion may occur within 24-48 hours of presentation?
vomiting (GIT ischemia and hypoperfusion due to hearts inability to relax and fill with the proper amount of blood)
are heart sounds increased or decreased in intensity in a dog with pericardial effusion?
decreased “muffled”
also can be attributed to mod-severe pleural effusion
what test can confirm your diagnosis of pericardial effusion?
thoracic FAST
see RA collapse in cardiac tamponade, pleural and peritoneal effusions
buddy the golden retriever comes in and you suspect pericardial effusion. after doing a quick thoracic FAST you see he also has cardiac tamponade despite kissing and tail wagging. what now?!
THIS IS AN EMERGENCY!! perform a pericardiocentesis ASAP
your ultrasound machine is down and you have suspect a dog has pericardial effusion. you decide to take radiographs instead, what might you see?
markedly enlarged and globoid cardiac silhouette
what is causing the beat-to-beat variation in QRS amplitude you may see in a dog with pericardial effusion?
the heart is swinging back and forth in effusion (see tall R, then short, then tall, etc)
why are diuretics contraindicated in patients with pericardial effusion?
preload is keeping them alive! heart is already not filling with the proper amount of blood due to high intrapericardial pressure. diuretics will cause the body to excrete more water > therefore less volume > decreased CO and arterial hypotension
T/F: you should perform a coagulation profile prior to pericardiocentesis
TRUE, UNLESS patient isn’t stable. hemorrhagic effusion can also be from coagulopathy (i.e. rodenticide)
what is the most common cause of pericardial effusion in dogs?
neoplasia (HSA)
in what location is HSA most common?
right atrium/auricle
where are HSA more likely to metastasize?
lungs and spleen
T/F: prognosis is poor post pericardiectomy
not necessarily, don’t need the sac to live!
in addition to chemotherapy (doxorubicin) and surgical resection as potential options for treatment of HSA, what other treatments might you consider?
*discourage bleeding!
yunnan baiyao = chinese herb w/ prothrombotic properties
aminocaproic acid = antifibrinolytic
repeated pericardiocentesis
where do chemodectomas originate?
from chemoreceptor cells in ascending aorta (or carotid body)
T/F: HSA are slow-growing tumors that are often large and locally extensive before onset of clinical signs
FALSE, chemodectomas
