Pericardial Sac and Heart

Question 1

Pericardium attaches to the diaphragm by the

Answer 1

the pericardiacophrenic ligament

Question 2

The serous pericardium, usually smooth, may become rough and is heard during auscultation as a

Answer 2

pericardial friction rub.

Question 3

Pericardial effusions into the pericardial cavity can occur with

Answer 3

a chronically inflamed pericardium or other diseases such as congestive heart failure.

Question 4

fluid compresses the heart, which cannot expand and fill, reducing cardiac output. This is called

Answer 4

cardiac tamponade (heart compression)

Question 5

cardiac tamponade: define

Answer 5

fluid compresses the heart, which cannot expand and fill, reducing cardiac output.

Question 6

Pericardiocentesis is

Answer 6

drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity to relieve tamponade (left 5th intercostal space near the sternum).

Question 7

drainage of fluid from the pericardial cavity to relieve tamponade (left 5th intercostal space near the sternum) is called

Answer 7

Pericardiocentesis

Question 8

Coronary sinus receives blood from

Answer 8

the Great, Middle, and Small cardiac veins

Question 9

The smallest cardiac veins (in the heart wall) drain the myocardium into

Answer 9

directly into heart chambers

Question 10

the crista terminalis is

Answer 10

a muscular ridge internally that separate the primitive atrium from the smooth remnant of the sinus venarum

Question 11

Fossa ovalis is the remnant of the

Answer 11

foramen ovale in the fetus

Question 12

The limbus is a remnant of the

Answer 12

septum secundum

Question 13

Sinoatrial node

Answer 13

SA node-pacemaker of the heart-produces impulse

a) Located at the upper end of the sulcus terminalis of the right atrium (between superior vena cava and right auricle).
b) INITIATES the heart beat
c) Supplied by the right coronary artery in most cases. The LCA may provide some small branches too. 
d) Extrinsic innervation supplied by R vagus nerve.
e) The SA node gives off an impulse about 70 times/min which causes both atria to contract. The impulse then reaches the AV node.

Question 14

Atrioventricular node (AV node)

Answer 14

a) Located in the interatrial septum near the opening of the coronary sinus.
b) It is usually supplied by the right coronary artery.
c) Extrinsic innervation is from the left vagus nerve.

Question 15

1st heart sound is “Lub” which is the

Answer 15

closure of AV valves

Question 16

2nd heart sound is “Dub” which is the

Answer 16

closure of pulmonic and aortic valves

Question 17

Most (70%) blood flows passively from atria to ventricles during diastole; atrial contraction forces the remaining 30%

Answer 17

cool fact

Question 18

Heart block results if the conducting system is affected by

Answer 18

a coronary artery blockage; the ventricles may continue to beat at their own rate – more slowly than the atria. Can use a cardiac pacemaker to correct this.

Question 19

Sympathetic Nerves: preganglionic fibers

Answer 19

Preganglionic fibers originate in the upper 4 or 5 thoracic spinal segments.
Preganglionic fibers synapse in cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk.

Postganglionic fibers terminate in the SA and AV nodes to increase the rate and force of contraction and dilate coronary arteries.

Question 20

Sympathetic Nerves: Postganglionic fibers

Answer 20

Postganglionic fibers terminate in the SA and AV nodes to increase the rate and force of contraction and dilate coronary arteries.

Question 21

Parasympathetic Nerves: Preganglionic fibers

Answer 21

Preganglionic fibers of the Vagus (CN X) nerve pass through the cardiac plexus and synapse onto postganglionic neurons

Question 22

Parasympathetic Nerves: Postganglionic fibers

Answer 22

postganglionic neurons in ganglia in the walls of the atria. They decrease the rate and force of contraction and constrict coronary arteries