Perimortem Conditions: Trauma

Question 1

Trauma

Answer 1

Subcategory of pathology

Question 2

Manner of death (6)

Answer 2

• natural
• accidental
• suicide
• homicide
• pending
• undetermined

Question 3

Fracture

Answer 3

Complete (break) discontinuity

Question 4

Infraction

Answer 4

Incomplete break

Question 5

Pathological fracture

Answer 5

Occur because bone is weakened by disease

Question 6

Stress fracture

Answer 6

Caused by overuse

Question 7

Fatigue fracture

Answer 7

Occur when bones are exposed to intermittent stress over long period of time

Question 8

Traumatic fracture

Answer 8

Occur due to an outside force

Question 9

Fracture type: simple

Answer 9

Clean, no skin break

Question 10

Fracture type: compound

Answer 10

Broken bone protrudes through skin

Question 11

Fracture type: comminuted

Answer 11

Bone fragmented into multiple pieces

Question 12

Fracture type: compression

Answer 12

Result of crushing

Question 13

Fracture type: hinge

Answer 13

Fractured area still attached, but meeting at an angle

Question 14

Fracture type: depression

Answer 14

Bone pushed inward

Question 15

Fracture type: Impacted

Answer 15

Bone fragments pushed together

Question 16

Fracture type: spiral

Answer 16

Twisting break

Question 17

Fracture type: greenstick

Answer 17

Incomplete break (more common in children)

Question 18

Fracture type: radiating

Answer 18

Lines that curve away from point of impact (gun shot wound)

Question 19

Fracture type: concentric

Answer 19

Rings around point of impact (like ripples)

Question 20

Characteristics of forces causing trauma

Answer 20

• direction
• speed
• focus

Question 21

Alteration

Answer 21

Any change to the physical properties of bone

Question 22

Fracture type: tension

Answer 22

“Stretching of bone”

Question 23

Magnitude

Answer 23

Amount of force applied to bone

Question 24

Dynamic loading

Answer 24

Force that is applied suddenly at relatively high speed

Question 25

Static loading

Answer 25

Force applied at low speed, slowly

Question 26

Anisotropic

Answer 26

Materials like bone that have different structures of properties in many different directions

Question 27

Isotropic

Answer 27

Materials with same properties in all directions (steel)

Question 28

Incomplete fracture types

Answer 28

- bow fracture - torus/buckle fracture - greenstick fracture - depressed fracture

Question 29

Complete fracture type

Answer 29

- transverse fracture - oblique fracture - spiral fracture - commuted fracture - epiphyseal fracture

Question 30

Blunt force trauma

Answer 30

- relatively slow load application to bone over large surface area - hammer, club, fist - deceleration injuries (falls) - strangulation

Question 31

High velocity projectile trauma (ballistic)

Answer 31

- rapid application of force over relatively small surface area - bullets - bone does not have time to bend or deform

Question 32

Sharp force trauma

Answer 32

- created by a tool with a point or beveled edge | - knife or saw