Perinatal Infections & Teratology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Perinatal Infections & Teratology Deck (29)
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1
Q

____can cause birth defects similar to a genetic syndrome

A

In utero infections

2
Q

what time during pregnancy is most at-risk for teratologic events?

A

first trimester

3
Q

What does the pattern of in utero infection look like?

A
4
Q

The earlier mom gets the infection,

A

the more problems your baby will have

5
Q

TORCH

A

Infectious agents that are teratogenic to the fetus:

Toxoplasmosis

Other (syphilis, varicella, Zika)

Rubella

CMV

Herpes

6
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A
  • Increase in spontaneous abortions
  • Microcephaly
  • Chrioretinitis
  • Growth restriction
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Brain calcifications*
7
Q

which of torch has brain calcifications?

A

toxoplasmosis & CMV

8
Q

If you get infected w toxoplasmosis in the first trimester vs the third trimester

A

First trimester: full spectrum of malformations in the baby

Third trimester: asymptompatic, but higher chance of fetal infeciton

9
Q

Syphilis (treponema pallidum)

A

Most newborns are asymptomatic, but others get

  • Chorioretinitis, deformed nails, alopecia, maculopapular rash
  • Hydrops fetalis*
  • Growth restriction
  • Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, lymphadenopathy, fever
10
Q

Congenital rueblla syndrome

A

Main things to remember: peripheral pulmonic stenosis & radiolucencies of long bone

Others: cataracts, rash, deafness, hydrops fetalis, microcephaly, deafness, pneumonia,

11
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

A

Most common infection

90% are asymptomatic, but 10% have hearing loss and some may have metnal retardation

Microcephaly, cataracts

12
Q

Herpes in 1st or 2nd trimester vs 3rd trimester

A

Specific structural abnormalities are rare; growth retardation & microcephaly

1st or 2nd: miscarriage, rare cases of disseminated disease

3rd: disseminated disease, skin lesion

13
Q

Which is mroe dangerous to a baby - primary or secondary herpes?

A

primary - 50% risk to child thru infected birth canal

secondary - 8% risk

14
Q

Characteristics of zika virus infection

A

microcephaly

intracranial abnormalities, e.g. brain calcifications

15
Q

Considerations in evaluating teratogenic exposure

A

timing of exposure

duration of exposure

quantity/dose of exposure

teratogenicity of exposure

maternal modulation (metabolism of teratogen)

access to embryo

16
Q

When is the worst time to be exposed to teratogens?

A

embryonic period:

2-8 conception eweks

AKA 4-10 menstrual weeks

17
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

CNS: mental retardation, microcephaly, poor coordination, hypotonia, irritability, hyperacitivty

Growth deficiency

Facial characteristics: short palpebral fissures, upturned nose, flat philtrum, smooth, thin upper vermillion, hypoplastic maxilla, retr/micoragnathia, irritable

18
Q

Category A - D drugs

which has the lowest fetal risk

A

A is the lowest fetal risk

X = proven risk and contraindicated in pregnancy

19
Q

Coumarin derivatives (warfarin)

A

Fetal warfarin syndrome if used in the 1st trimester

Nasal hypoplasia

Stippled epiphysis of bones

20
Q

thalidomide main symptom

A

severe phocomelia (limb reduction)

21
Q

Antieleptic drugs

A

Dilantin (phenytoin)

Valproic acid

Tegretol (carbamezepine)

22
Q

Dilantin (phenytoin) –> Fetal hydantoin syndrome

A
  • Craniofacial
    • broad nasal bridge
    • wide fontanel
    • low ahirline
    • broad alveolar ridge
    • short neck
    • microcephaly
    • cleft lip/palate
    • abnormal ears
  • Limb malformations: nail agenesis/hypoplasia!
23
Q

valproic acid

A

increase in neural tube defects

24
Q

Carbamazipine (tegretol)

A

similar findings as in fetal hydantoin syndrome, but not as common/severe

neural tube defects

25
Q

Isotretinoin (retin A)

A

NO OR SMALL EARS (microtia)

26
Q

Lithium

A

Epstein anomaly: poor development of tricuspid valve

27
Q

When do you start to get risk with ionizing radiation?

A

10 and above RADs

28
Q

Excessive radiation usually leads to

A

growth restriction

microcephaly

know!

29
Q

Metabolic abnormalities that cause fetal probs

A