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Year 2 Infectious Disease and Public Health > Perinatally acquired infections > Flashcards

Perinatally acquired infections Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

machine like murmur and cataracts - what are the ddx?

A

TORCHES

HIV

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2
Q

TORCHES infections

A 
toxoplasmosis 
other 
rubella 
CMV 
herpes / hepatitis 
syphilis
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3
Q

cats should point to what congenital infection risk?

A

toxoplasmosis

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4
Q

how is toxoplasmosis gondii acquired?

A
  • cat feces
  • undercooked meat
  • uncooked eggs
  • unpasteurized milk
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5
Q

how is risk of toxoplasmosis transmission affected by gestational age? severity of disease?

A
  • risk increases as gestational age increases
  • severity of disease decreases as gestational age increases (if a mother gets toxo first trimester, the severity will be worse)
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6
Q

vertical transmission for toxoplasmosis is most likely in which trimester(s)?

A

2nd and 3rd

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7
Q

what proportion of toxoplasmosis babies have CNS symptoms?

A

2/3

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8
Q

what is the most common neuro symptom with toxoplasmosis infection?

A

chorioretinitis

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9
Q

chorioretinitis is most likely associated with what infection?

A

toxoplasmosis

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10
Q

what are the CNS symptoms of toxoplasmosis?

A
  • hydrocephalus
  • chorioretinitis
  • intracranial calcifications
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11
Q
  • hydrocephalus
  • chorioretinitis
  • intracranial calcifications

which infection?

A

toxoplasmosis

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12
Q

is congenital toxoplasmosis infection usually symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

asymptomatic

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13
Q

definition: chorioretinitis

A
  • inflammation of the posterior portion of the uveal tract and retina
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14
Q

what is the uveal tract?

A

iris, ciliary body, choroid

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15
Q

where are the calcifications located in toxplasmosis?

A

caudate nucleus, choroid plexus, meninges, subependyma

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16
Q

which calcifications are usually periventricular?

A

CMV

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17
Q

diagnosing criteria for toxoplasmosis

A
  • serum IgM titers or persistent IgM titers
  • ophthamology exam
  • neuro exam
  • head CT
  • LP for toxo PCR
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18
Q

which drugs are used for toxoplasmosis for first 21 weeks of gestation?

A

spiramycin

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19
Q

which drugs are used for toxoplasmosis confirmed after 18th week of gestation or few remaining weeks of gestation?

A
  • pyrimethamine
  • sulfadiazine
  • leucovorin
  • prednisone
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20
Q

what are the toxoplasmosis outcomes?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • mental retardation
  • seizures
  • cerebral palsy / spasticity
  • deafness
21
Q

rubella has what type of genome? which familiy?

Study These Flashcards
A

RNA, togaviridae

22
Q

how is rubella spread?

Study These Flashcards
A

respiratory droplets

23
Q

what is the most common vaccine preventable cause of birth anomalies in the world?

Study These Flashcards
A

congenital rubella syndrome

24
Q

CRS infection in fetuses shows what type of damage / which organs?

Study These Flashcards
A

cellular damage and non-inflammatory necrosis of large organs:

EYES
HEART
BRAIN
EARS

25
what is the most common isolated sequela in CRS?
hearing loss
26
what is the classic triad of CRS?
deafness cataracts congenital heart disease
27
definition: cataracts
- clouding of the lens | - deposition of protein in the lens
28
when is the only time a diagnosis of rubella can be made? how is it made?
first year of life - culture of nasopharyngeal swab - serum IgM titers - rise in IgM titers over 2-3 weeks - rtPCR
29
does rubella have a treatment?
no - only supportive care
30
what type of genome is CMV? which family?
DNA, herpes virus
31
what is the most common congenital infection in developed countries?
CMV
32
a jaundiced baby should make you think of what congenital infection?
CMV
33
the worst sequelae for CMV occur if the mother is infected in what trimester?
1st
34
what are the three most common symptoms of CMV in infected babies?
- petechiae / ecchymosis - jaundice at birth or within a few HOURS (day 1) - hepatosplenomegaly
35
calcifications seen in CMV have what pattern?
periventricular
36
how is CMV diagnosis made?
- urine CMV culture - serum IgM titers - head CT for periventricular calcifications
37
what is the treatment for CMV?
gancyclovir can be used in life threatening situations
38
what is the leading cause of childhood sensorineural hearing loss in developed countries?
congenital CMV
39
how can congenital HSV infection manifest? what can these symptoms mimic? when do initial symptoms occur?
- disseminated disease (50%) - skin symptoms - liver and lungs almost indistinguishable from neonatal sepsis from bacteria or enterovirus occur between birth and first 4 weeks
40
how does CNS disease present in congenital HSV?
- irritability - lethargy - poor feeding - tremulousness - seizures 2nd or 3rd week of life
41
diagnosis for HSV
- culture for PCR (vesicle fluid and/or CSF) - Tzanck smear (not accurate) - CBC, LFTs
42
what is the treatment for congenital HSV?
IV acyclovir x 14-21 days
43
pregnant mothers with Hep B are given what treatment?
give Ig and Hep B vaccine
44
what are the EARLY symptoms for congenital syphilis?
- mucocutaneous lesions, lymphadenopathy, rash - metaphyseal drystrophy - osteochondritis / periostitis - snuffles (hemorrhagic rhinitis)
45
what are LATE symptoms for congenital syphilis?
- hutchison teeth - sabre shins - deafness, MR - frontal bossing, saddle nose
46
risk of infection for infant born to HIV seropositive mother without treatment is what %?
25-30%
47
should HIV positive mothers breast feed?
NO
48
93% of infected neonates will be HIV positive by what age?
2 weeks

Year 2 Infectious Disease and Public Health (18 decks)

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