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OS 206 1ST EXAM > Perineum and External Genitalia > Flashcards

Perineum and External Genitalia Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Layers of the perineum

A

External genitalia
Perineum
Pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

Anatomical position of the perineum

A

the narrow region between the proximal part of the thighs, does not include inner aspect of thigh

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3
Q

Lithotomy postion of the perineum

A

diamond shaped area extending from the pubic symphysis to the coccyx

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4
Q

Overlies the inferior pelvic aperture

A

perineum

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5
Q

An imaginary transverse lkine jining the internal aspects of the ischial tuberosities produces?

A

two triangles: urogenital and anal triangle

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6
Q

Closed by a sheet of tough fascia called the perineal membrane

A

Urogenital Triangle

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7
Q

Fxn of the urogenital triangle

A

provides a foundation for the erectile bodies of the external genitalia

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8
Q

Contains the external urogenital structures

A

Urogenital Triangle

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9
Q

Contains the anal canal and anus surrounded by ischioanal fat

A

Anal Triangle

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10
Q

Potential space between the membranous layer of the subcutaneous tissue (perineal fascia) and the perineal membrane

A

Superficial Perineal Space (SPS)

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11
Q

bounded laterally by the ischiopubic rami, space

A

SPS

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12
Q

Contents of the superficial perineal space

A

Root (bulb and crura of penis, crura of clitoris)
Muscles: ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosum, superficial transverse perineal muscles
3 superficial arteries and veins

Male: bulb of spongy urethra, bulbocavernosus galnds, intrenal pudendal and pudendal (perineal nerve) branches

Female: Bartholin’s gland, vestibular glands , related vessels and verves (internal and perineal nerve) Crura, vaginal orifice

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13
Q

Forces blood from cavernous spaces in crura into distal parts of corpora cavernosa increasing turgidity of penis during erections

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

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14
Q

Muscle made up of longitudinal fibers

A

Ischiocavernosus muscle

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15
Q

compresses teh bulb of penis and corpus spongiosum

A

Bulbospongiosus or bulbocavernosus

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16
Q

aids in emptying spongy urethra of residual urine or semen

A

Bulbospongiosus or bulbocavernosus

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17
Q

anterior fibers assist in erection by increasing pressure on erectile tissue in the root of the penis

A

Bulbospongiosus or bulbocavernosus

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18
Q

Muscle made up of transverse fibers

A

Bulbospongiosus or bulbocavernosus

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19
Q

supports perineal body to aid pelvic diaphragm in supporting pelvic viscera

A

superficial transverse perineal muscles

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20
Q

area between STP and ischiocavernosus

A

perineal membrane

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21
Q

Secrete mucus to lubricate the vaginal canal? also called what?

A

Bartholin’s gland/ Great vestibular Glands

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22
Q

T/F structures of Males in the SPS is bigger than if females

A

True (penis>clitoris)

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23
Q

provides further support for urogenital structures, especially for females after childbirth

A

DPS or Deep Perineal Space

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24
Q

Boundaries of DPS

A

Inferior: Perineal membrane
superior: Inferior fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
Lateral: inferior portion of the obturator fascia

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25
Contents of DPS
Urogenital Diaphragm: Spincter urethrae, deep transverse perinea/urogenital sphincter Nerves: dorsal nerve to the penis or clitoris Arteries and Veins: Deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitories, internal pudendal artery and its branches Males only: Cowper's gland/bulbourethral gland/great vestibular gland
26
Most prominent vein in the DPS
deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris
27
Terminal branch of the internal pudendal artery
dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris
28
lubricate and cleanse the urethra during ejaculation
Cowper's gland/bulbourethral/great vestibular gland
29
homologous to bartholin's gland
Cowper's gland/bulbourethral/great vestibular gland
30
Posterior Triangle of the perineum
Ischiorectal fossa
31
Boundaries of the ischiorectal fossa
Anterior: base of UG diaphragm and fascia Posterior: gluteus maximus, sacrotuberous ligament lateral: ischium, obturator iternus and fascia medial: anal canal and rectum supermedial: levator ani
32
Contents of ischiorectal fossa
FAT inferior rectal vessels and nerve perforating cutaneous branches of S2, S3 perineal brach of S4
33
Parts of the external anal sphincter
deep: circular; overlaps internal sphincter subcutaneous: circular superficial: elliptical (central tendon to tip of coccyx)
34
surrounds lowest part of anal canal
External Anal Sphincter
35
The perineal body is especially impt for which sex?
Female - parturition/childbirth
36
Stretching or tearing the attachments of the perineal body may cause
prolapse of the bladder/uterus
37
midpoint of the line joining the ischial tuberosities
central point of the perineum
38
What is the central point of the perineum made up of
fascia
39
What muscles converge on the central point of the perineum?
bulbocavernosi superficial tranverse perinea external anal sphincter levator ani
40
Determines whether or not to undergo episiotomy
Central pt of perineum
41
Surgical insicsion of the perineum and interposterior vaginal wall
episiotomy
42
No muscles are transversed, only the tendinous parts are cut thru the central pt
midline episiotomy
43
midline episiotomy is performed only when the length of the perineal body is
3cm
44
Fast healing;minimal bleeding episiotomy
midline
45
muscles are severed so it's more painful and takes longer to heal
mediolateral episiotomy
46
mediolateral episiotomy transects
skin, vaginal mucosa, bulbocavernosus, superficial transverse perineal, possibly levator ani
47
T/F: mediolateral episiotomy is done with anesthesia?
False. It is done simultaneously with uterine contractions
48
When is mediolateral episiotomy done?
When perineal body is less than 3cm
49
Degrees of laceration
1st to 4th 1st: perineal skin and vaginal mucosa. no muscles 2nd: bulbocavernosus and STP 3rd: external anal spincter 4th: anterior rectal canal
50
May result in retrovaginal fistula
4th degree perineal laceration
51
Primary fxn of external genitalia
copulation and parturition
52
Genital swellings of the male move in what direction fromt eh inguinal region to form the what?
caudally, scrotal swellings
53
At what point can the sex of the baby be determined?
18weeks
54
Genital tubercle of the male baby becomes?
phallus
55
Urethral folds pulled forward by phallus (male) becomes
lateral walls of urethral groove
56
In females, the genital tubercle becomes
clitories
57
urethral folds in females do not fuse because
they become the labia minora
58
genital swellings in females enlarge to become
labi majora
59
In females, what can be seen to determine that it is indeed female in the ultrasound
3 light lines that corresponds to labia majora, labi minora and vestibular slit
60
The male copulatory organ
penis
61
the common outlet for urine and semen
penis
62
T/F the clitoris has both the corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum
False. clitoris only has corpora cavernosa.Penis has both
63
Most sensitive part of the penis due to attachment to underlying erectile tissue
skin
64
dorsal part removed during circumcision
prepuce
65
fold on ventral surface from urethral meatus to corona, not removed during circumcision
frenulum
66
In the cavernous bodies, which is paired, which is not?
cavernosa - paired | spongiosum - unpaird, ventral, contains spongy urethral meatus
67
Penis has 2 parts: enumerate
root (attached part): crura, bulb of the penis, ischio ang bulbo muscles mobile part: body, glans, corona, external urethral meatus
68
swollen front end of corpus spongiosum
glans
69
for maintainance of erection and initiation of ejaculation
abundant cutaneous nerves in the glans
70
Most sensitive portion of the penis
glans
71
Fascia of the penis
Tunica albuginea Buck's fascia (deep fascia) Suspensory ligament of the penis
72
Fascia enclosing each corpus/cavernous body
tunica albuginea
73
Encloses all three tissues (corpus bodies)
Buck's fascia
74
Where are the internal pudendal vessels located?
Between buck's fascia and tunica albuginea
75
fibromuscular sac for the testis and associated structures
Scrotum
76
What enables the scrotum to reduce heat loss?
Tunica Dartos/Dartos muscle
77
CT continuous with subcutaneous tissue and Colle's fascia
Tunica Dartos
78
Midline of the scrotum
scrotal raphe
79
Fxns of the testes
contracts towards body when cold, relaxes away when warm | produce sperm in seminiferous tubules
80
sperm viability is maintained at what temp
34C
81
testes are suspended in the scrotum by
spermatic cords
82
Which testes is suspended more inferiorly?
Left testes
83
Testosterone producing cells
leydig cells
84
remains of the peritoneum that covers the testis
tunica vaginalis
85
tough fibrous outer surface that thicken into the ridge as the mediastinum of the testis
tunica albuginea
86
Cause of congenital or indirect hernia
if the processus vaginalis remians patent
87
presence of excess fluid in a persistent processus vaginalis
hydrocoele
88
vine-like pampiniform plexus of veins may become varicose (dilated) and tortuous
varicocoele
89
Varicocoeles of which side is more common?
Left side
90
Promote sperm maturation by secretion of protein
Epididymis
91
T/F Sperm maturatin occurs in the testes
False. Sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis
92
Parts of the epididymis and their fxns:
head: sperm motility body: fertilizing ability tail: storage
93
Female external genitalia also called
pudenda/ vulva
94
Functions of external female genitalia
a sensory and erectile tissue for sexual arousal and intercourse directs the flow of urine prevents entry of foreign material into the urogenital tract for parturition
95
Mon pubis fat amount
fat amt increases at puberty, decreases after menopause
96
Contents of the labia majora
termination of the round ligament ilioinguinal nerve anterior labial vessels
97
labia minora is situation within the
pudendal cleft
98
structures that open into the vestibule
urethra vagina bartholin's gland bulbs of the vestibule
99
T/F: During a vulvectomy, all parts of the pudenda are removed
True
100
External female genital subcutaneous tissue
Camper's and Colle's/Scarpa's

OS 206 1ST EXAM (6 decks)

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