Flashcards in Perio Revision Deck (44)
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1
Name the important pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis
P. Gingivalis
P. Intermedia
T. Forsythia
T. Denticola
2
Describe an overactive immune response for periodontitis
Lots of inflammatory mediators which cause long standing inflammation and destruction of tissues
3
Describe an under active immune response for periodontitis
Host immune reaction is lessened, and therefore the biofilm is allowed to grow and diversify, resulting in destruction of tissues
4
Give examples of systemic risk factors for periodontitis
(Modifiable and non-modifiable)
Age
Genetic factors/hereditary
Hormonal changes (pregnancy/puberty)
Smoking
Poorly controlled diabetes
Osteoporosis
Medications
5
Give examples of local risk factors of periodontitis
Calculus
Overhanging restorations
6
What is another common risk factor in periodontitis
Poor dental attendance
7
Name the different probes used in perio patients
CPITN/BPE Probe
PCP 12 Probe
UNC Probe
William’s Probe
Naber’s Probe
8
Describe a BPE Probe
0.5mm ball point end
Black band from 3.5mm - 5.5mm
9
Describe a PCP 12 Probe and when it is used
Black bands from 3-6mm and 9-12mm
Used for 6 point pocket charts
10
Describe a UNC probe
Bands every mm from 1-15
11
Describe a William’s probe
Black bands from 1-3, 5 and 7-10mm
12
What is the Naber’s probe used for
Used for measuring furcation areas
13
Describe a BPE score of 0
Black band of CPITN probe is completely visible
No probing depths of >3.5mm
No bleeding on probing
No plaque retentive factors
No need for periodontal treatment
14
Describe a BPE score of 1
Black band of CPITN probe is still completely visible
No probing depths >3.5mm
No plaque retentive factors
Bleeding on probing
Treatment - OHI
15
Describe a BPE score of 2
Black band of CPITN probe still completely visible
No probing depths of >3.5mm
Plaque retentive factors present
Bleeding on probing
Treatment - OHI, removal of plaque retentive factors including all supra- and sub-gingival calculus
16
Describe a BPE score of 3
Black band of CPITN probe partially visible
Probing depths of between 3.5mm and 5.5mm
Bleeding can occur
Plaque retentive factors often present
Treatment - OHI, RSD
17
Describe a BPE score of 4
Black band of CPITN probe no longer visible
Probing depths greater than 6mm
Bleeding can occur
Plaque retentive factors often present
Treatment - OHI, RSD, assess the need for more complex treatment, referral to a specialist may be needed
18
Describe furcation involvement and how it is treated
Measure of intra-radicular bone loss
Use a Naber’s probe to assess it grade 1-3
Treatment - OHI, RSD, assess the need for more complex treatment, referral to a specialist may be required
19
What is a 6 point pocket chart
A specialist investigation used to gather more information about the level of periodontal disease the patient has
20
When should a six point pocket chart be taken
A full mouth 6PPC is any sextant scores a BPE 4/* or if more than one sextant scores a BPE 3
21
Which surfaces of teeth are examined in a 6PPC
Palatal/lingual:
Mesial
Mid
Distal
Buccal:
Mesial
Mid
Distal
22
What does a 6PPC measure
Position of gingival margin
Probing depths
Clinical attachment loss
Bleeding on probing
Mobility
Furcation involvement
23
What is the position of the gingival margin and how is it measured
Where the gingiva sits in relation to the ACJ
Measured using the PCP12 probe
24
What are probing depths and how are they measured
The depth of the periodontal pocket being measured
Measure from the base of the pocket to the gingival margin using a PCP12 probe
25
What is clinical attachment loss
A measure of how much supporting tissue attachment has been lost in relation to periodontal health where there would be little/no attachment loss
26
How is clinical attachment loss calculated
By adding the position of the gingival margin to the probing depths
27
What is important to note during the calculation of clinical attachment loss
Sometimes the gingival margin can sit coronal to the ACJ (swelling, hyperplasia etc.)
In this case, the position of the gingival margin is given a negative value
28
How is tooth mobility measured
With the ends of two rigid instruments eg - mirror and probe, or with one instrument and a finger
29
Describe a tooth mobility score of 0
‘Physiological’ mobility measured at the crown level
The tooth is mobile within the alveolus to approximately 0.1 - 0.2mm in a horizontal direction
30
Describe a tooth mobility score of 1
Increased mobility of the crown of the tooth to, at the most, 1mm in a horizontal direction
31
Describe a tooth mobility score of 2
Visually increased mobility of the crown of the tooth exceeding 1mm in a horizontal direction
32
Describe a tooth mobility score of 3
Severe mobility of the crown of the tooth in both horizontal and vertical directions, impinging on the function of the tooth
33
How is furcation involvement measured
In thirds:
Grade 1 = 1/3 of the tooth width
Grade 2 = 2/3 of the tooth width
Grade 3 = 3/3 or 100% of the tooth width
34
Name the different scalers used in perio patients
Colombia Curette
Mini-Sickle
Hoe 134-135
Hoe 156-157
Gracey 1-2
Gracey 7-8
Gracey 11-12
Gracey 13-14
35
Describe a Colombia Curette scaler
Red
2 cutting edges
Used for all tooth surfaces
Used sub gingivally
Semi-circular cross-section
36
Describe a Mini-Sickle scaler
Red
2 cutting edges
Used on buccal and lingual surfaces
Used supra-gingivally
Triangular cross-section
37
Describe a Hoe 134-135 scaler
Yellow
Removes gross caries
Used on buccal and lingual surfaces
Used supra- and sub-gingivally
38
Describe a Hoe 156-157 scaler
Red
Removes gross caries
Used on mesial and distal surfaces
Used supra- and sub-gingivally
39
Describe a Gracey 1-2 scaler
Grey
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used on anterior teeth
Used on all surfaces
40
Describe a Gracey 7-8 scaler
Green
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used on posterior teeth
Used on buccal and lingual surfaces
41
Describe a Gracey 1-12 scaler
Orange
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used on posterior teeth
Used on the mesial surface
42
Describe a Gracey 13-14 scaler
1 cutting edge
Used for fine/deep scaling
Used sub-gingivally
Used in posterior teeth
Used on the distal surface
43
What is TIPPS
An intervention used to help patient change their behaviour/attitude towards their oral hygiene routine, there are 5 steps
44
