perio_01-22 Flashcards
(24 cards)
According to the sources, which type of oral mucosa makes up approximately 60% of the oral mucosa?
A. Masticatory mucosa
B. Specialized mucosa
C. Lining mucosa
D. Palatal mucosa
C. Lining mucosa. The source states that lining mucosa makes up 60% of the oral mucosa.
The masticatory mucosa is primarily found covering which areas?
A. Buccal and labial mucosa
B. Dorsum of the tongue
C. Gingiva and hard palate
D. Floor of the mouth
C. Gingiva and hard palate. The source defines masticatory mucosa as covering the gingiva and the hard palate.
Keratinization of the masticatory mucosa helps it withstand which forces?
A. Chemical irritation
B. Thermal changes
C. Compression and friction
D. stretching and expansion
C. Compression and friction. The source explains that masticatory mucosa is keratinized because it is always under stress, compression, and friction from mastication.
Which clinical division of the gingiva is described as being free or unattached and surrounds the tooth in a collar-like fashion?
A. Marginal gingiva
B. Attached gingiva
C. Interdental gingiva
D. Alveolar mucosa
A. Marginal gingiva. The source describes the marginal gingiva as free or unattached, surrounding the tooth in a collar-like fashion.
The width of the attached gingiva is typically narrowest in which region?
A. Maxillary incisor region
B. Mandibular incisor region
C. Maxillary premolar region
D. Mandibular premolar region
D. Mandibular premolar region. The source specifically states that the attached gingiva is the narrowest in the mandibular premolar region (1.8 mm) and maxillary premolar region (1.9 mm), which is narrower than the incisor regions.
According to Karanza, the mucogingival junction’s position remains how throughout life?
A. Variable
B. Stationary
C. Apical
D. Coronal
B. Stationary. The source explicitly states that the mucogingival junction remains stationary throughout life according to Karanza.
The interdental gingiva is located in the interproximal space beneath the contact area, which is also called the:
A. Gingival sulcus
B. Free gingival groove
C. Gingival embrasure
D. Mucogingival junction
C. Gingival embrasure. The source states that the interdental gingiva is found in the interproximal space beneath the contact area, which is called the gingival embrasure.
The shape of the interdental gingiva can be either pyramidal or have a col shape. The col shape is generally found in which region?
A. Incisor region
B. Premolar region
C. Molar region
D. Canine region
C. Molar region. The source explains that the col shape occurs where the buccal and lingual interdental papillae are far from each other, which is typical in the molar region.
In healthy tissue, which epithelial layer of the gingiva is described as being non-keratinized and lining the gingival sulcus?
A. Oral epithelium
B. Sulcular epithelium
C. Junctional epithelium
D. Outer epithelium
B. Sulcular epithelium. The source describes the sulcular epithelium as lying within the gingival sulcus and being non-keratinized.
Histologically, what is the average depth of the gingival sulcus reported in some studies?
A. 1.0 mm
B. 1.8 mm
C. 3.0 mm
D. 0.5 mm
B. 1.8 mm. The source reports that the average histological depth of the sulcus has been reported as 1.8 mm in some studies, with a wide variation.
Clinically, the probing depth of the gingival sulcus is considered normal at 2 to 3 mm. This is described as an overestimation compared to the histological depth because the probe extends into which structure?
A. Connective tissue
B. Junctional epithelium
C. Alveolar bone
D. Periodontal ligament
B. Junctional epithelium. The source explains that clinically probing depth is an overestimation because the probe extends into the junctional epithelium even with light pressure.
On the palatal surface of maxillary teeth, the attached gingiva is continuous with the palatal mucosa. What important anatomical feature is absent in this area?
A. Free gingival groove
B. Mucogingival junction
C. Attached gingiva
D. Keratinization
B. Mucogingival junction. The source states that on the palatal surface, the attached gingiva is continuous with the palatal mucosa, and there is no mucogingival junction.
The stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa is made up of cells capable of making keratin. These cells are called:
A. Melanocytes
B. Langerhans cells
C. Merkel cells
D. Keratinocytes
D. Keratinocytes. The source defines keratinocytes as the epithelial cells that are capable of making keratin.
In keratinized tissue, which epithelial layers are typically present?
A. Basal, Spinosum, Superficial
B. Basal, Spinosum, Granulosum, Corneum
C. Basal, Intermediate, Superficial
D. Basal, Suprabasal
B. Basal, Spinosum, Granulosum, Corneum. The source lists these four layers as being present in keratinized tissue.
Epithelial extensions that project into the underlying connective tissue in keratinized gingiva are called:
A. Hemidesmosomes
B. Desmosomes
C. Rete pegs
D. Keratin granules
C. Rete pegs. The source describes rete pegs as epithelial extensions projecting into the underlying connective tissue in keratinized gingiva.
The junctional epithelium is attached to the tooth surface by which means?
A. External basal lamina and desmosomes
B. Internal basal lamina and hemidesmosomes
C. Reticular lamina and desmosomes
D. External basal lamina and hemi-desmosomes
B. Internal basal lamina and hemidesmosomes. The source explains that the junctional epithelium is attached to the tooth surface via the internal basal lamina and hemidesmosomes.
The biological width, also known as the supracrestal attachment, is comprised of which two components?
A. Marginal gingiva and attached gingiva
B. Junctional epithelium and gingival fibers
C. Periodontal ligament and alveolar bone
D. Oral epithelium and sulcular epithelium
B. Junctional epithelium and gingival fibers. The source defines the biological width (or supracrestal attachment) as being made up of the junctional epithelium and the gingival fibers.
Which function of the periodontal ligament (PDL) allows a patient to know which tooth is being subjected to pressure or vibration?
A. Supportive
B. Remodeling
C. Sensory (Proprioception)
D. Nutritive
C. Sensory (Proprioception). The source explains that proprioception, a sensory function, is the property of the PDL that allows the patient to know which tooth is affected by pressure or vibration due to specific receptors.
The terminal portion of the principal fibers of the PDL that insert into the bone and cementum are called:
A. Circular fibers
B. Transeptal fibers
C. Oblique fibers
D. Sharpies fibers
D. Sharpies fibers. The source defines Sharpies fibers as the terminal portion of the principal fibers inserted into the bone and cementum.
Which group of periodontal ligament fibers is the most abundant and helps the tooth withstand vertical masticatory stresses?
A. Horizontal fibers
B. Oblique fibers
C. Apical fibers
D. Interradicular fibers
B. Oblique fibers. The source identifies the oblique fibers as the largest and most abundant group, helping the tooth withstand vertical masticatory stresses.
Cementum is a calcified avascular mesenchymal tissue covering the anatomic roots. Approximately what percentage of cementum is inorganic?
A. 25-30%
B. 45-50%
C. 65-70%
D. 90-95%
B. 45-50%. The source states that cementum is 45% to 50% inorganic.
What is the most frequently found relationship between enamel and cementum at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)?
A. Enamel and cementum meet end-to-end
B. A space exists between enamel and cementum
C. Cementum overlaps enamel
D. Enamel overlaps cementum
C. Cementum overlaps enamel. The source reports that in 60% to 65% of cases, the cementum will overlap the enamel, making it the most frequent relationship.
According to the histological classification of cementum, which type is most important for the attachment of the tooth to the periodontal ligament because it contains extrinsic Sharpies fibers?
A. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum
B. Mixed fiber stratified cementum
C. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum
D. Afibrillar cementum
C. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum. The source states that this type of cementum is the most important for tooth attachment to the PDL because it contains Sharpies fibers (extrinsic fibers).
Unmineralized organic matrix of cementum, similar to osteoid in bone, is called:
A. Cementoid
B. Cementocyte
C. Cementoblast
D. Cementum
A. Cementoid. The source defines cementoid as the unmineralized organic matrix of cementum, similar to osteoid.
