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AP US History - SHS > Period 1: 1491-1607 > Flashcards

Period 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards

1
Q

mongolians who came to America 11,000 years ago

A

Clovis

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2
Q

crossed over the Bering Strait into America

A

Clovis

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3
Q

only evidence of first Americans

A

archaeological

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4
Q

before the Clovis, people migrated to South America using —-

A

boats

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5
Q

the Clovis likely —-ed other migrants

A

eliminated

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6
Q

8000 BCE to 3000 BCE

A

Archaic Period

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7
Q

during the Archaic Period, the first —- formed

A

sedentary settlements

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8
Q

pre-columbus South American civilization led by Pachacuti; created the largest empire in the Americas

A

Incas

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9
Q

pre-colbumus Meso-American civilization that developed sophisticated systems such as a written language

A

Mayans

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10
Q

pre-columbus Meso-Americans who came after the Mayans; human sacrifice was a large part of their religion

A

Mexica (Aztec)

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11
Q

island in central mexico establisted by the Mexica; greatest city in the Americas at the time

A

Tenochtitlán

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12
Q

Early American civilizations were still —- —- than civilizations on other continents

A

technologically worse

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13
Q

pre-columbus societies in the North were —- than those in the South

A

smaller

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14
Q

four locations of pre-columbus hunting, gathering, and fishing societies

A

arctic circle, northern forests, northwest coast, far west

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15
Q

pre-columbus agricultural tribes in the East used —- to gather food

A

a variety of techniques

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16
Q

region of sedentary pre-columbus tribes with the greatest food resources

A

East

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17
Q

region of sedentary pre-colmbus tribes that farmed corn and grains

A

Great Plains

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18
Q

region of sedentary pre-columbus tribes with large trading networks

A

South

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19
Q

region of more nomadic agricultural pre-colombus tribes

A

North-East

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20
Q

pre-columbus tribes in the North East

A

used quick exploitative farming

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21
Q

pre-columbus tribes East of Mississippi River

A

loosely connected by linguistic roots

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22
Q

In the last centuries before Columbus, Native Americans —-

A

experienced an agricultural revolution

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23
Q

how many regions of pre-columbus agricultural socities were there in america?

A

5

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24
Q

region of sedentary pre-columbus tribes with more elaborate settlements

A

Southwest

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25
Q

after the black plague, due to the increase of affluence in Europe, interest in —- increased

A

foriegn goods

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26
Q

after the rise of commerce following the black plague, Europe changed from many small kingdoms into —-

A

centralized nation-states

27
Q

led the first daring sea voyages; financed by Portugal

A

Prince Henry

28
Q

leading maritime power in the 15th century

A

Portugal

29
Q

what motivated Columbus aside from an interest in geography

A

religion

30
Q

rulers of Spain’s new monarchy

A

Ferdinand and Isabella

31
Q

in an attempt to demonstrate Spain’s strength, funded Columbus’s voyage

A

Isabella

32
Q

devoted greater resources to maritime exploration; replaced Portugal as leading seafaring nation

A

Spain

33
Q

came to the Americas after Columbus on a Portuguese exploration

A

Amerigo Vespucci

34
Q

Spaniard who fought across Ithmus of Panama; first known European to gaze westward at the Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco de Balboa

35
Q

known as most brutal spanish conquistador; led a military expedition into Mexico and overtook Aztecs with smallpox

A

Cortés

36
Q

a wave of conquistadors came to america in hopes of obtaining —-

A

silver

37
Q

spanish-american mines had —-

A

large yields of silver and gold

38
Q

the wealthiest nation for a time, after they obtained the abundence of gold and silver in american mines

A

Spain

39
Q

Spain abided by the Church’s wishes and —- in their new territories

A

required Catholocism

40
Q

conquistador who led a fruitless expedition; first white man to cross Mississippi River

A

Hernado de Soto

41
Q

conquistador; conquered Peru; revealed to Europeans the wealth of the incas

A

Franciso Pizarro

42
Q

conquistador; led fruitless expedition in modern-day New Mexico

A

Francisco Coronado

43
Q

conquistadors —- native populations in some areas

A

almost exterminated

44
Q

—- usually accompanied missions

A

military garrisons

45
Q

spanish fort, first permanent European settlement in what is now the US, established 1565

A

St. Augustine, Florida

46
Q

licenses to exact labor and tribute from natives

A

encomiendas

47
Q

led colonizing venture North from mexico in 1598; claimed some of the Pueblo’s land and established Santa Fe; distributed encomiendas to Spanish settlers of the colony

A

Oñate

48
Q

at Santa Fe, Oñate’s harsh treatment of the natives —-

A

threatened the colony’s stability

49
Q

result of instability and religious supression from spanish settlers at Santa Fe

A

Pueblo Revolt of 1680

50
Q

the Pueblo —- in the Pueblo Revolt of 1680

A

captured Santa Fe

50
Q

after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Spanish and Peublo —-

A

slowly grew closer

51
Q

Spain imposed —- on trade with its American colonies

A

regid restrictions

52
Q

the economic development of Spanish colonies in the americas was stifled because making —- profitable was never a priority

A

commerce

53
Q

the Spanish didn’t —- their colonies like other European countries did

A

people

54
Q

years of period one

A

1491-1607

55
Q

principal source of labor for Europeans

A

native americans

56
Q

the home of most African slaves

A

Guinea (West Africa)

57
Q

native americans —- european culture (language, religion) with their own

A

combined

58
Q

because the overwhelming majority of Europeans living in the americas were men, —- became frequent

A

intermarriage

59
Q

due to frequent intermarraige, Spanish colonies in the americas became dominated by people of —-

A

mixed race

60
Q

the racial categories of Spanish colonies in americas became more —- as a result of intermarriage

A

fluid

61
Q

— are usually matrilineal, political power is divided by gender, and slavery was practiced but more humanely

A

african socities

62
Q

demand for —- from west africa drastically increased in 16th century

A

slaves

AP US History - SHS (3 decks)

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