Period 1 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Which crops were the primary food sources for the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas?
Mayans and Aztecs relied on corn, while the Incas relied on potatoes.
What was a major agricultural innovation used by Southwest native societies like the Hokokam, Anasazi, and Pueblos?
They used irrigation systems to farm in the arid environment.
How did the Great Plains tribes adapt to their environment?
Nomadic tribes hunted buffalo and lived in portable tepees, while sedentary tribes farmed along rivers.
What role did the Iroquois Confederation play in Northeast settlements?
It was a powerful political union of five tribes in the Mohawk Valley, New York.
What are some features of Pacific Northwest settlements?
People lived in longhouses, fished, hunted, gathered food, and used totem poles for storytelling.
Name two technological advancements that improved European exploration.
The sailing compass and gunpowder.
What was the primary motivation behind the Spanish and Portuguese exploration?
They sought wealth through trade, resources, and the spread of Catholicism.
What agreement divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal?
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494).
Name two items exchanged from the Americas to Europe in the Columbian Exchange.
Corn and potatoes.
What was one devastating effect of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans?
The spread of diseases like smallpox and measles, leading to a 90% population decline.
What were the social causes of European exploration?
The desire to spread Christianity and convert Native Americans, as well as the establishment of social hierarchies.
What was one political effect of European exploration on Native Americans?
Native Americans were pushed to interior regions as Europeans expanded their colonies.
How did the Spanish benefit economically from exploration?
The export of gold and silver from the Americas increased Spain’s wealth by 500%.
What was the main motivation for French and Dutch colonization?
Economic gain through the fur trade and the establishment of trading posts.
