Period 1 Interactions Flashcards
(30 cards)
Recall from our sugar dissolving lab that water with higher thermal energy (temperature) dissolves sugar faster. Why is this?
A) Because the water molecules are moving faster and can more quickly mix with the sugar molecules.
B) Because the water molecules are moving slowly and can more quickly mix with the sugar molecules.
C) Because the water molecules are moving faster and can more slowly mix with the sugar molecules.
D) Because the water molecules are moving slowly and can more slowly mix with the sugar molecules.
A) Because the water molecules are moving faster and can more quickly mix with the sugar molecules.
Recall from our sugar dissolving lab that water with higher thermal energy (temperature) dissolves sugar faster. This is because the water molecules are moving faster and can more quickly mix with the sugar molecules.
Fill in the blank:
When substances dissolve, they mix evenly with each other and form a _____________ mixture.
homogeneous
When substances dissolve, they mix evenly with each other and form a homogeneous mixture.
Fill in the blank:
Substances that do not mix evenly and separate into layers are called ___________ mixtures.
heterogeneous
Substances that do not mix evenly and separate into layers are called heterogeneous mixtures.
True or false:
When mixtures settle (either evenly or in layers) the potential energy of the interacting molecules lowers
TRUE! You donkey
When mixtures settle (either evenly or in layers) the potential energy of the interacting molecules lowers.
Fill in the blank:
________ molecules have permanent slight positive and negative charges.
Polar molecules have permanent slight positive and negative charges.
Fill in the blank:
________ molecules have no permanent charges.
Nonpolar molecules have no permanent charges.
True or false:
Nonpolar molecules have strong attractions to each other due to their charges.
FALSE! Polar molecules have strong attractions to each other due to their charges.
Nonpolar molecules have a weak attraction to other nonpolar molecules. Why is this?
A) In nonpolar molecules, electron movements cause temporary charges to develop. The charges quickly disappear. The result of this is a weak attraction to other nonpolar molecules.
B) In nonpolar molecules, electron movements cause permanent charges to develop. The charges quickly disappear. The result of this is a weak attraction to other nonpolar molecules.
C) In nonpolar molecules, electron movements cause temporary charges to develop. The charges quickly re-appear. The result of this is a weak attraction to other nonpolar molecules.
A) In nonpolar molecules, electron movements cause temporary charges to develop. The charges quickly disappear. The result of this is a weak attraction to other nonpolar molecules.
When polar and nonpolar molecules are mixed, they separate into different layers. This is because:
A) the polar molecules are more attracted to themselves than the nonpolar molecules.
B) the polar molecules are less attracted to themselves than the nonpolar molecules.
C) the nonpolar molecules are less attracted to themselves than the nonpolar molecules.
D) the nonpolar molecules are more attracted to themselves than the nonpolar molecules.
A) the polar molecules are more attracted to themselves than the nonpolar molecules.
When polar and nonpolar molecules are mixed, they separate into different layers. This is because the polar molecules are more attracted to themselves than the nonpolar molecules.
True or false:
A polar substance like water and a nonpolar substance like oil cannot mix evenly because as the polar water molecules attract and move towards each other, they push away the nonpolar oil molecules.
TRUE!
A polar substance like water and a nonpolar substance like oil cannot mix evenly because as the polar water molecules attract and move towards each other, they push away the nonpolar oil molecules.
True or false:
Substances will only mix evenly if they are both polar or nonpolar.
TRUE!
Substances will only mix evenly if they are both polar or nonpolar.
What is an emulsifier?
A) A molecule that can dissolve in polar substances but not nonpolar substances.
B) A molecule that cannot dissolve in both polar and nonpolar substances.
C) A molecule that cannot dissolve in polar substances but can dissolve in nonpolar substances.
D) A molecule that can dissolve in polar and nonpolar substances.
D) An emulsifier molecule that can dissolve in polar and nonpolar substances.
Stearic acid, and other emulsifiers, are large, elongated molecules with a polar head and nonpolar tail. Their shape allows them to:
A) repel other nonpolar or polar substances
B) evenly mix with either nonpolar or polar substances
C) evenly mix with polar substances only
D) evenly mix with either nonpolar substances only
B) evenly mix with either nonpolar or polar substances
Stearic acid, and other emulsifiers, are large, elongated molecules with a polar head and nonpolar tail. Their shape allows them to evenly mix with either nonpolar or polar substances.
Proteins are very _______ molecules. They are made of ________ chains of amino acids that fold together into different, specific shapes.
A) large, long
B) tiny, short
C) large, short
D) tiny, long
A) large, long
Proteins are very large molecules. They are made of long chains of amino acids that fold together into different, specific shapes.
True or false:
There are 1,022 different amino acids that can form the long chains of proteins
FALSE! There are 22.
True or false:
The shape of a protein is determined by two things:
- The attractions between amino acids in the protein chain. The polar amino acids attract strongly to other polar amino acids. As they move towards each other, the chain bends.
- The surrounding molecules also interact with amino acids in the protein chain. If the protein is in water, the polar amino acids tend to arrange on the outer edges and the nonpolar amino acids cluster in the center.
TRUE
The shape of a protein is determined by two things:
- The attractions between amino acids in the protein chain. The polar amino acids attract strongly to other polar amino acids. As they move towards each other, the chain bends.
- The surrounding molecules also interact with amino acids in the protein chain. If the protein is in water, the polar amino acids tend to arrange on the outer edges and the nonpolar amino acids cluster in the center.
Fill in the blank:
When it comes to proteins, ______ matters.
A) size
B) shape
C) money
D) time
B) shape
When it comes to proteins, SHAPE matters.
Which of the following is false:
Some of the jobs that proteins do in our bodies include:
A) Fighting off diseases B) Healing injuries C) Regulating substances in the body D) Growth E) Enzymes – proteins that speed up chemical reactions F) Weakening your immune system
F)
Some of the jobs that proteins do in our bodies include:
A) Fighting off diseases B) Healing injuries C) Regulating substances in the body D) Growth E) Enzymes – proteins that speed up chemical reactions
BUT NOT
F) Weakening your immune system
To perform their jobs, proteins must have a very specific shape to bind to other substances. This is because:
A) most proteins use a “lock and key” mechanism to activate different reactions and functions. If the “key” doesn’t match the “lock”, the protein cannot bind and the reaction or function will not take place.
B) most proteins use a “lock and key” mechanism to activate different reactions and functions. If the “key” matches the “lock”, the protein cannot bind and the reaction or function will not take place.
A) most proteins use a “lock and key” mechanism to activate different reactions and functions. If the “key” doesn’t match the “lock”, the protein cannot bind and the reaction or function will not take place.
Fill in the blank:
A ________ binds to the active site of an enzyme protein. A ______ is a substance on which an enzyme acts.
A) protein(s)
B) antibody / antibodies
C) substrate(s)
D) antigen(s)
C) substrate(s)
A substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme protein. A substrate is a substance on which an enzyme acts.
Fill in the blank:
_______ are proteins produced by foreign
disease-causing agents in the body.
A) protein(s)
B) antibody / antibodies
C) substrate(s)
D) antigen(s)
D) antigens
Antigens are proteins produced by foreign
disease-causing agents in the body.
Fill in the blank:
_________ are special proteins with specific shapes that form interactions with antigens.
A) protein(s)
B) antibody / antibodies
C) substrate(s)
D) antigen(s)
B) antibody / antibodies
Antibodies are special proteins with specific shapes that form interactions with antigens.
True or false:
When an _________ encounters an ________ on a cell, it attracts and binds to it. This marks the cell as being infected, and our immune system destroys it.
A) antibody, antigen
B) antigen, antibody
C) substrate, antigen
D) protein, antigen
A) antibody, antigen
When an antibody encounters an antigen on a cell, it
attracts and binds to it. This marks the cell as being infected, and our immune system destroys it.
True or false:
When we catch a flu, the flu virus infects our
cells and forces them to produce flu virus proteins on the surface of the cell membrane.
True
When we catch a flu, the flu virus infects our
cells and forces them to produce flu virus proteins on the surface of the cell membrane.
