Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

APUSH > Period 2 (1607 - 1754) > Flashcards

Period 2 (1607 - 1754) Flashcards

(99 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

John Cabot

A

Under a patent granted by Henry VII, Cabot sailed from Bristol and discovered Newfoundland and Cape Breton Island on the North American coast. His voyages to North America in 1497 and 1498 helped lay the groundwork for Britain’s later claim to Canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Joint-stock Companies

A

Business entities formed to finance colonization, allowing investors to pool resources and share risks. Each shareholder invests some money in the company and, in turn, receives a share of the company’s profits. Notable examples include the Virginia Company

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore

A

The first proprietor of Maryland, he sought to create a haven for Catholics and promoted religious tolerance in the colony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Act of Toleration

A

Passed in 1649 in Maryland, it granted religious freedom to all Christians, protecting Catholics from persecution but not extending rights to non-Christians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Roger Williams

A

A Puritan minister who advocated for separation of church and state and fair treatment of Native Americans, leading to his founding of Providence, Rhode Island

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Providence

A

The settlement established by Roger Williams in 1636, known for its religious freedom and separation of church and state, becoming a refuge for dissenters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antinomianism

A

The belief that individuals could achieve salvation through grace and faith alone, rejecting the idea that good works were necessary for salvation. Associated with Anne Hutchinson’s teachings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

A Puritan woman who challenged the established religious order by promoting antinomianism, leading to her banishment from Massachusetts and eventual settlement in Rhode Island

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rhode Island

A

A colony founded on principles of religious tolerance and separation of church and state, established by dissenters like Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Halfway Covenant

A

A 1662 Puritan church policy allowing partial church membership for the children of baptized but unconverted parents, aimed at increasing church attendance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Quakers

A

Members of the Religious Society of Friends, known for their belief in inner light and pacifism, they faced persecution in New England but established communities in Pennsylvania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

William Penn

A

A Quaker who founded Pennsylvania as a “Holy Experiment” promoting religious freedom and good relations with Native Americans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Holy Experiment

A

William Penn’s vision for Pennsylvania as a model of religious tolerance and social harmony, where different faiths could coexist peacefully

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Charter of Liberties (1701)

A

A Pennsylvania document that guaranteed certain rights, such as trial by jury and religious freedom, reinforcing democratic governance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rice Growing Plantations

A

Large agricultural operations in the Southern colonies, particularly South Carolina, that relied on enslaved labor to cultivate rice as a cash crop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tobacco Farms

A

Agricultural plantations in the Chesapeake region, especially Virginia, focused on the production of tobacco, a key cash crop for the economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Jamestown

A

The first permanent English settlement in America, founded in 1607, known for its early struggles and as a model for later colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Captain John Smith

A

An English soldier and leader at Jamestown, he helped stabilize the colony through strong leadership and established trade relations with local Native American tribes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

John Rolfe

A

An early settler of Jamestown who introduced tobacco cultivation, which became Virginia’s economic foundation and significantly impacted the colony’s growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pocahontas

A

The daughter of a Powhatan chief, she played a key role in fostering relations between Native Americans and English settlers, later marrying John Rolfe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Virginia

A

The first successful English colony in America, established in 1607, known for its tobacco plantations and significant role in colonial development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

A settlement established by the Pilgrims in 1620, notable for its religious dissent and the Mayflower Compact, which promoted self-governance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Separatists

A

Radical Puritans who sought to break away from the Church of England, leading to the establishment of Plymouth Colony by the Pilgrims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pilgrims

A

The Separatist group that founded Plymouth Colony, seeking religious freedom and a new life in America after leaving England

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Mayflower
The ship that transported the Pilgrims to America in 1620, carrying the first group of English settlers to establish a colony in Plymouth
26
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Established in 1630 by Puritans, it became a significant center of colonial life, emphasizing religious conformity and community governance
27
Puritans
A religious group seeking to "purify" the Church of England, they established the Massachusetts Bay Colony to create a model Christian society
28
John Winthrop
The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he envisioned it as a "city upon a hill," promoting a strong moral and religious community
29
Great Migration
The mass movement of Puritans to New England in the 1630s, largely in response to religious persecution, leading to the establishment of several colonies
30
Thomas Hooker
A Puritan minister who founded Connecticut in 1636, advocating for greater democracy and the Fundamental Orders as its first constitution
31
John Davenport
A Puritan minister who co-founded New Haven, advocating for a strict religious government and emphasizing community and moral order
32
Connecticut
Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636, it became known for its Fundamental Orders, which established a framework for self-governance
33
New Hampshire
Originally part of Massachusetts, it became a separate colony in 1679, focusing on fishing, timber, and trade
34
The Carolinas
Proprietary colonies established in the 1660s, known for diverse economies; North Carolina had small farms, while South Carolina developed plantation agriculture
35
New York
Originally a Dutch colony (New Netherland), it was seized by the English in 1664 and became a diverse and economically important colony
36
New Jersey
Split from New York in 1664, it attracted settlers with promises of religious freedom and land, becoming a mix of agricultural and commercial interests
37
Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn in 1681 as a Quaker haven, it promoted religious tolerance and became known for its fertile land and diverse population
38
Delaware
Initially part of Pennsylvania, it became a separate colony in 1704, serving as a crucial trading center and port
39
Georgia
Founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe as a buffer against Spanish Florida and a refuge for debtors, it emphasized small farms and a ban on slavery (initially)
40
James Oglethorpe
The founder of Georgia, he aimed to create a utopian society for debtors and the poor, promoting a mix of military defense and social reform
41
Fundamentals Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Considered the first written constitution in America, it established a framework for government in Connecticut, promoting greater democracy
42
Frame of Government (1683-1683)
William Penn’s constitution for Pennsylvania, which guaranteed religious freedom and civil liberties while establishing a representative assembly
43
Virginia House of Burgesses
Established in 1619, it was the first legislative assembly in America, allowing colonists to participate in self-governance and shaping colonial politics
44
Mayflower Compact
A 1620 agreement among the Pilgrims to form a government and abide by its laws, establishing early principles of self-governance in Plymouth Colony
45
Corporate Colonies
Colonies established by joint-stock companies to profit from colonization; examples include Jamestown, funded by the Virginia Company
46
Royal Colonies
Colonies governed directly by the crown through appointed governors; examples include Virginia and New York after their transition from proprietary status
47
Proprietary Colonies
Colonies owned by individuals or groups who had received charters from the crown; examples include Pennsylvania and Maryland
48
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company that established the Jamestown colony in 1607, aiming to profit from resources in the New World
49
Chesapeake Colonies
Referring primarily to Maryland and Virginia, these colonies were known for their tobacco plantations and reliance on indentured servants and, later, enslaved labor
50
Triangular Trade
A transatlantic trade network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, involving the exchange of goods, slaves, and raw materials
51
Mercantilism
An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing international trade to increase national wealth, driving colonial policies (increasing exports and decreasing imports)
52
Navigation Acts
A series of laws (beginning in the 1650s) aimed at regulating colonial trade, ensuring that it benefited England by requiring that certain goods be shipped on English ships
53
Dominion of New England
An administrative merger of several New England colonies (1686-1689) aimed at centralizing control, undermined by local opposition and the Glorious Revolution
54
Sir Edmund Andros
The governor of the Dominion of New England, known for his autocratic rule and enforcement of Navigation Acts, which led to widespread resentment
55
Glorious Revolution
The 1688 overthrow of King James II of England, leading to the establishment of William and Mary as rulers and the restoration of parliamentary sovereignty, impacting colonial governance
56
Wampanoag
A Native American tribe in New England, known for their interactions with Pilgrims; they played a significant role in King Philip's War
57
Metacom
Also known as King Philip, he was the leader of the Wampanoag who united tribes against English settlers in New England during King Philip's War
58
King Philip's War
A conflict (1675-1676) between New England settlers and Native American tribes led by Metacom, resulting in significant casualties and the weakening of Native American resistance
59
Pueblo Revolt
A 1680 uprising of Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers in present-day New Mexico, resulting in temporary Spanish withdrawal and greater autonomy for Pueblo communities
60
Sir William Berkeley
The colonial governor of Virginia known for his friendly policies toward Native Americans and opposition to Bacon’s Rebellion
61
Bacon’s Rebellion
A 1676 uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor Berkeley's administration, fueled by grievances over land and Native American policies, highlighting class tensions
62
New England Confederation
A 1643 alliance of four New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven) formed for mutual defense and cooperation against threats
63
Indentured Servants
Individuals who contracted to work for a specified number of years in exchange for passage to America, typically working on plantations
64
Headright System
A system used in Virginia and other colonies that granted land to settlers (usually 50 acres) for each indentured servant they brought to the colony
65
Slavery
The forced labor system that became well-established in the Southern colonies, relying on enslaved Africans to work on plantations
66
Middle Passage
The brutal sea voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas, marked by inhumane conditions and high mortality rates
67
Benjamin West
An American painter known for his historical scenes and portraits, he played a key role in establishing a distinctly American style in art
68
John Copley
A colonial American painter recognized for his portraiture, Copley depicted prominent figures and contributed to the development of American art
69
Benjamin Franklin
A leading figure of the Enlightenment, Franklin was a polymath involved in politics, science, and philosophy, known for his experiments with electricity and contributions to the American Revolution
70
Poor Richard’s Almanack
A yearly publication by Benjamin Franklin, featuring proverbs, weather forecasts, and practical advice, reflecting Enlightenment ideals and promoting self-improvement
71
Phillis Wheatley
The first published African American poet, her work highlighted themes of religion and freedom, providing a unique voice in colonial literature
72
John Bartram
An early American botanist and naturalist, he contributed to the study of native plants and laid the groundwork for American botanical science
73
Ministry
Referring to the clergy, the ministry played a crucial role in colonial society, influencing moral standards and community values
74
Physicians
Medical professionals in the colonies who often faced challenges due to limited medical knowledge and resources, yet were essential for public health
75
Lawyers
Emerging as a distinct profession in the colonies, lawyers helped shape colonial legal systems and advocated for rights and liberties
76
Religious Toleration
The acceptance of diverse religious beliefs, which became more common in the colonies, especially in places like Pennsylvania and Rhode Island
77
Established Church
A church recognized by law as the official church of a colony, often supported by taxes; examples include the Anglican Church in Virginia
78
Great Awakening
A religious revival movement in the 1730s and 1740s emphasizing personal faith and emotional experiences, leading to increased denominational diversity
79
Johnathan Edwards
A key figure in the Great Awakening, known for his fire-and-brimstone sermons that emphasized personal salvation and the severity of sin
80
George Whitefield
An influential preacher of the Great Awakening, known for his charismatic preaching style and ability to draw large crowds across the colonies
81
Cotton Mather
A New England Puritan minister and author known for his writings on witchcraft and his involvement in the Salem witch trials
82
Sectarian
Referring to divisions within a religious group, often leading to the formation of different denominations, especially during the Great Awakening
83
Nonsectarian
Referring to organizations or movements that do not affiliate with a specific religious sect, promoting broader inclusivity
84
Subsistence Farming
A type of farming where families grow only enough food to meet their needs, common in colonial New England
85
Germans
A significant immigrant group in the colonies, especially in Pennsylvania, known for their agricultural skills and contributions to colonial culture
86
Scotch-Irish
An important immigrant group, primarily settled in the Appalachian region, they brought distinct cultural practices and were often involved in frontier conflicts
87
Huguenots
French Protestants who fled religious persecution and settled in various colonies, contributing to the cultural and economic life of America
88
Dutch
Early settlers in New York (formerly New Netherland), they influenced trade, culture, and religious practices in the region
89
Swedes
Settlers who established New Sweden in the Delaware Valley, they contributed to the region's diversity before it was taken over by the Dutch
90
Africans
Enslaved Africans were brought to the colonies, primarily for labor on plantations, profoundly shaping the economy and culture
91
Immigrants
People from various countries who moved to the colonies, contributing to cultural diversity and economic growth
92
Social Mobility
The ability for individuals to move up the social hierarchy, more achievable in colonial America compared to Europe
93
Hereditary Aristocracy
A social class system where status is passed down through generations; less prominent in colonial America than in Europe
94
John Peter Zenger
A New York printer whose trial for libel in 1735 established a precedent for freedom of the press in America
95
Andrew Hamilton
The lawyer who defended John Peter Zenger in his landmark trial, arguing for the importance of free speech
96
Enlightenment
An intellectual movement emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights, influencing American thought and the eventual push for independence
97
Governor
The appointed leader of a colony, responsible for enforcing laws and managing colonial affairs, often facing tension with colonial legislatures
98
Legislature
A body of representatives in the colonies that enacted laws and addressed colonial issues, reflecting early democratic practices
99
Town Meetings
Local gatherings in New England where residents discussed and voted on community issues, fostering direct participation in governance

APUSH (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions