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Chemistry A Level > Period 3 > Flashcards

Period 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reaction between sodium and water like?

A
  • Vigorous reaction
  • Floats on water
  • Fizzes rapidly (produces hydrogen)
  • Forms molten ball due to heat from reaction and low melting point.
  • Resulting pH 13-14
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2
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between sodium and water.

A

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

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3
Q

What is the reaction between magnesium and water like?

A
  • A very slow reaction

- Resulting pH of 10 as it is not fully soluble

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4
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between magnesium and water.

A

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) -> Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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5
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam.

A

Mg(s) + H2O(l) -> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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6
Q

Give the reaction for sodium burning in oxygen?

A

2Na(s) + 1/2O2(g) -> Na2O(s)

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7
Q

What is the burning of sodium in oxygen like?

A
  • Burns with bright yellow flame in air to form sodium oxide, a white powder.
  • Change in oxidation state 0 to +1 (oxidation)
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8
Q

Give the equation for magnesium burning in oxygen.

A

2Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s)

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9
Q

What is the burning of magnesium in oxygen like?

A
  • Burns with bright white flame in air to form magnesium oxide, a white powder.
  • Change in oxidation state 0 to +2 (oxidation)
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10
Q

Give the equation for the burning of Aluminium in oxygen.

A

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) -> 2Al2O3(s)

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11
Q

What is the burning of aluminium in oxygen like?

A
  • Burns with bright white flame in air to form aluminium oxide, a white powder.
  • Change in oxidation state 0 to +3 (oxidation)
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12
Q

Give the equation for burning silicon in oxygen

A

Si(s) + O2(g) -> SiO2(s)

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13
Q

Give the equation for the burning of phosphorus in oxygen.

A

P4(s) + 5O2(g) -> P4O10(s)

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14
Q

Describe the two types of phosphorus

A
  • Exists as two main allotropes, red and white phosphorous.
  • White phosphorous spontaneously ignites in air giving of white smoke.
  • Red phosphorous needs heating before it reacts
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15
Q

Give the equation for the burning of sulfur in oxygen

A

S(s) + O2(g) -> SO2(g)

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16
Q

What is the burning of sulfur in oxygen like?

A
  • Burns with a blue flame to form sufur dioxide and some sulfur trioxide.
17
Q

Describe the addition of sodium oxide to water.

A

The Na+ and O2- ions dissolves in water and then the O2- ions react with water:
O2- + H2O → 2 OH-
“Dissolves” (i.e. dissolves and then reacts with water to form a solution)
Na2O + H2O →2NaOH(aq)
pH 14

18
Q

Give the equation for the reaction or sodium oxide and acid.

A

Na2O(aq) + 2H+(aq) -> 2Na+(aq) + H2O(l)

19
Q

Describe the addition of magnesium oxide to water.

A

“Slightly soluble” (i.e. some dissolves and then reacts with water to form a solution)
Some Mg2+ and O2- ions dissolve in water (less soluble than Na2O due to higher lattice enthalpy) and then the O2- ions react with water:
O2- + H2O → 2 OH-
MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2(aq)

20
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and an acid.

A

MgO(aq) + 2H+(aq) -> Mg2+(aq) + H2O(l)

21
Q

Is Aluminium oxide soluble?

A

It is insoluble due to a very high lattice enthalpy

22
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and acid.

A

Al2O3(s) + 6H+(aq) -> 2Al3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)

23
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and base.

A

Al2O3(sn + 2OH-(aq) +3H2O(l) -> 2Al(OH)4 - (aq)

24
Q

Is silicon oxide soluble in water?

A

It is insoluble due to lattice of atoms linked by strong covalent bonding

25
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between silicon dioxide and base.

A

SiO2(s) + 2OH-(aq) -> SiO3^2- + H2O(l)

must be hot, concentrated NaOH

26
Q

Describe the addition of phosphorus oxide to water.

A

Reacts violently
P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4
H2O molecules attach the d+ P atoms, leading to the release of H+ ions from the water molecules.

27
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between phosphorus oxide and base

A

P4O10(s) + 12OH-(aq) -> 4PO4^3-(aq) + 6H2O(l)

28
Q

Describe the addition of sulfur dioxide to water.

A

“Dissolves” (i.e. dissolves and then reacts with water to form a solution containing sulfurous acid.
SO2 + H2O → H2SO3
H2O molecules attach the d+ S atoms, leading to the release of H+ ions from the water molecules.

29
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between sulfur dioxide and base.

A

SO2(g) + 2OH-(aq) -> SO3^2-(aq) + H2O(l)

30
Q

Describe the addition of sulfur trioxide to water.

A

Reacts violently
SO3 + H2O → H2SO4
H2O molecules attach the d+ S atoms, leading to the release of H+ ions from the water molecules.

31
Q

Give the equation for the reaction between sulfur trioxide and base.

A

SO3(g) + 2OH-(aq) -> SO4^2-(aq) + H2O(l)

Chemistry A Level (35 decks)

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