Period 3 ( 1754 - 1800 ) Flashcards
(34 cards)
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
Centralized government for the colonies
Proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies.
What did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 forbid?
Colonists from taking land in Ohio River Valley
Issued by King George III to stabilize relations with Native Americans.
What does ‘Taxation without Representation’ refer to?
Making Americans pay for the war Britain was in
A rallying cry for colonists who felt they were unjustly taxed without their consent.
What concept did ‘Salutary Neglect’ give colonists?
The idea that they were managing their own affairs without much involvement from Parliament
This policy allowed colonial self-government to flourish.
What were the Navigation Acts?
Laws made for colonists for trade
Designed to regulate colonial trade and enable England to collect taxes.
What was the Quartering Act of 1765?
Imperialists had to stay in the colonies to enforce new rules
Required colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies for British troops.
What did the Sugar Act impose?
Taxes on goods and luxury items
Aimed at reducing smuggling and increasing revenue from the colonies.
What was the Stamp Act?
Taxes on paper, repealed by Congress
Required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for legal documents and other publications.
What is ‘Virtual Representation’?
Colonists thought they were not represented in Parliament, but argued they represented all classes, not place
A British argument that the interests of the colonies were represented in Parliament.
What did the Townshend Acts introduce?
New taxes on imported goods to the colonies
Included taxes on tea, glass, paper, and paint.
What happened during the Boston Massacre in 1770?
Colonists were killed by imperialists when they protested
A pivotal event that fueled anti-British sentiments.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
Response to act on taxes for tea
Colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor as a protest against the Tea Act.
What were the Coercive Acts?
Closed Boston Harbor until all tea was paid for
Also known as the Intolerable Acts, they were punitive measures against Massachusetts.
What did the Continental Congress of 1774 agree on?
Colonies need to resist any further violations of liberty under Parliament
Marked the beginning of unified colonial resistance.
What is the Social Contract?
Power to govern is in the hands of the people
Philosophical idea that legitimacy of authority comes from the consent of the governed.
What does ‘Separation of Powers’ refer to?
Three branches of government, checks and balances
Ensures no single branch becomes too powerful.
Who was the author of ‘Common Sense’?
Thomas Paine
A pamphlet that argued for independence from Britain.
What was the primary conflict during the American Revolution?
Loyalists vs patriots
Loyalists were loyal to the British crown, while patriots sought independence.
Who led the Continental Army?
George Washington
Appointed commander-in-chief by the Second Continental Congress.
What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
Victory for patriots that convinced France to be allies
Considered a turning point in the Revolutionary War.
What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
Surrender of Britain
Marked the end of major fighting in the American Revolution.
What were the Articles of Confederation?
States had their own constitution and governments, power in legislative branch
The first constitution of the United States, established a weak central government.
What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provide?
How uncharted territory can be occupied and then applied to the Union, abolished slavery in Northwest Territory
Established a framework for governance and statehood.
What was Shay’s Rebellion?
Farmers struggling, showed how weak Articles of Confederation was
A response to economic hardship that highlighted the need for a stronger federal government.
