Period 4 (1450-1750) Flashcards
(73 cards)
Astrolabe
An instrument used to make astronomical measurements in altitude and in calculating latitude
Absolutism
Complete power
Atlantic slave trade
Slave trade from Africa to Americas for plantation work
Balance of power
An even distribution of power
Biological diffusion
The spread of people
Ferdinand Magellan
Sailed to the Philippines… His crew were the first to sail around that world (he died in the Philippines)
Dutch East India Company
A Dutch charter company that first one to use stock. It was used to trade with Asian countries and cultivate food near Asia
British East India Company
An English joint-stock company formed for pursuing trade with the East Indies but which ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent.
Viceroy
Senior government officials in Spanish colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean
Peninsulares
The highest ranking group of the Spanish Caste System, usually European born and were wealthy land owners.
Creoles/Criollos
an American born person of European decent living in the Americas.
Conquistador
Spanish conquerors who were sent to conquer the New World.
Mestizos
The middle group of the Spanish Caste System, commonly known as mixed race Native/European ancestory
Encomienda System
A feudal system that allowed permission to Spainards in charge of slaves and let them tax them, or use them as free labor, and in return natives would receive protection from other tribes, education, and Christianity.
Joint Stock Companies
an incorporated business with transferable shares and with shareholders having limited or unlimited liability for debts of the business
Indentured Servitude
the practice of hiring workers for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for food, transportation, clothing, lodging, and other necessities.
The Columbian Exchange
A dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, human populations (including slaves),communicable disease, and ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres.
Triangle Trade
Major trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. The first part of the trade was between Europe and Africa. Europe’s main items of trade were copper, guns, and beer. Slaves were then sent from Africa to the Americas, and the Americas traded cash crops such as tobacco and sugar cane, and rum.
The Middle Passage
In the Triangle Trade, it was a slave voyage from Africa to the Americas which transported African slaves. It was generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, but did not strip them of their culture.
Divine Right
the right of a monarch to rule that is derived directly from Gd and not subject to earthly authority
Westernization
Converting to or adopting western ideas. Becoming familiar with western customs and practices.
Scientific Method
a method/procedure used to acquire new knowledge and discoveries in natural science (beginning in 17th century) consisting of observation, hypothesis, experimentation, reforming, and possibly theories or laws of science.
Social Contract
an intellectual device intended to explain the appropriate relationship between individuals and their governments. It is mainly an set of rules to describe the structure of government and how it relates to the people.
Boyars
Member of the highest rank of hey he Russian aristocracies
