Period 4: Chapter 12

Question 1

Start of the War of 1812

Answer 1

Awakened spirit of nationalism after the Chesapeake incident
- Impressment, trade restrictions, and supplying Native Americans with weapons continued

U.S. army was poorly trained, and ill equipped at the start
- Tide turned at the Battle of New Orleans

Treaty of Ghent

Question 2

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 2

December 24, 1814

Ended the War of 1812 and settled boundary disputes

Question 3

Why did northerners threaten secession?

Answer 3

They were angered by the trade restrictions (Embargo Act)

Question 4

Hartford Convention (1814)

Answer 4

MA, CT, RI, NH, and VT were present

They had moderate demands
- Financial compensation for lost trade
- Abolish 3/5 compromise
- Prohibit 2 successive presidents from the same state

Nothing from the convention went through

Question 5

Results of the War of 1812

Answer 5

Solidified U.S. strength, independence, and increased nationalism

New respect from global nations

Increased sectionalism

Manufacturing prospered

Rush-Bagot agreement

Question 6

Rush-Bagot agreement (1817)

Answer 6

Limited naval arms on Great Lakes

Improved relations with British Canada

Question 7

Second Party System

Answer 7

Whigs (led by Henry Clay) and the Democrats (led by Andrew Jackson)

There was an increase in political participation - partly due to the eliminations of property requirements for voting and universal white male suffrage

Question 8

Henry Clay’s American System

Answer 8

Bank of the United States
Tariffs
Federally funded internal improvements (infrastructure, railroads, roads, etc.)

Question 9

Tariff of 1816

Answer 9

1st protective tariff (not put in place for the government to gain revenue)
- Goal was to protect domestic manufacturers

Question 10

Erie Canal (1825)

Answer 10

Connected the Hudson River (NY) to Lake Erie

Built mostly with New York funds

Question 11

Era of Good Feelings

Answer 11

Monroe was elected as president (1816)
- 4th out of 5 from VA

High nationalism and tranquility
- Also some turmoil though: Tariffs, bank, infrastructure, and sectionalism

Technically only one political party, but there were many ideas

Question 12

Panic of 1819

Answer 12

People could no longer afford the land they had bought and couldn’t pay the government back because they had bought it on credit

The Second Bank of the United States is largely to blame for it

Question 13

Land Act of 1820

Answer 13

Ended the purchase of government land on credit

People had to have the money to pay for the land upfront

Question 14

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Answer 14

Missouri was the first state to come from the Louisiana Purchase

Was proposed by Henry Clay of KY
- MO slave state
- ME free state (used to be part of MA)
- No slavery above 36 30 line (except MO)

Question 15

John Marshall

Answer 15

The fourth chief justice of the Supreme Court

Had federalist ideas

When he died, justice Taney took his position

Question 16

Marshall Court

Answer 16

Led by John Marshall as the chief justice

Increased the supremacy of the federal government

Question 17

McCullough vs. Maryland

Answer 17

The court cases that said states cannot interfere with the federal government when it uses its implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause to further its express constitutional powers - Bank of the United States was constitutional

Also, states cannot tax the federal government

Question 18

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Answer 18

The court case that forbade states from enacting any legislation that would interfere with Congress’s rights to regulate commerce among the separate states

Stated that the federal government had control of interstate commerce

Question 19

Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)

Answer 19

AKA Adams-Onis Treaty

Spain’s defenses were weakened in Florida because of revolutions in South America

Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in exchange for the southwest territory

Question 20

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 20

The U.S. sought to keep Europe from re-colonizing Latin America

U.S. warned Europe to stay out of the western hemisphere and in return, the U.S. stay out of European affairs (going along with G.W. farewell address)