Period 4 Terms Flashcards
(26 cards)
What was the Armenian genocide?
The targeted killing of Armenian Christians by Ottoman Turks from 1915-1916 to remove Christian influence in the Ottoman Empire.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
An agreement that formally ended WWI, signed in 1919 by the Allied Powers, focusing on punishing the Central Powers, especially Germany.
What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
An international peace organization formed after WWI to prevent conflicts by requiring countries to publish treaties and find peaceful solutions.
What is the Indian National Congress?
A political party formed in 1885 by Western-educated Indians seeking independence from Britain through civil disobedience and boycotts.
What is collectivization?
A process by which farmland is controlled by the government and divided among workers.
What does Blitzkrieg mean?
Translates as ‘lightning war’; a military strategy of quick attacks at key points, used by Nazi Germany.
What was the February/March Revolution?
A 1917 rebellion in Russia caused by WWI involvement and food scarcity, leading to Czar Nicholas II’s abdication and the creation of the Duma.
What was the October/November Revolution?
A 1917 rebellion in Russia against the Duma, led by Red Guard soldiers aiming to establish a communist republic.
What are the Fourteen Points?
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for lasting peace after WWI by addressing its underlying causes.
What is self-determination?
The belief that citizens should decide what kind of government they have.
What is the mandate system?
A system developed by the League of Nations to give former Ottoman and German colonies to Allied Powers until they were ready for self-government.
Who were the Bolsheviks?
Members of the Communist Party in Russia, led by Vladimir Lenin, who sought to seize government power.
What is totalitarianism?
A form of government where political leaders control all aspects of citizens’ lives.
What is satyagraha?
Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of resisting unjust laws nonviolently, based on Indian religious practices.
What is a coalition government?
A parliamentary government formed when no single party has a majority, requiring alliances with smaller parties.
What was the Weimar Republic?
The post-WWI German government that collapsed due to economic instability and distrust from the Treaty of Versailles.
What is fascism?
A political ideology advocating for government control over daily life and the economy, emphasizing nationalism and protectionism.
What was the Great Purge?
Stalin’s campaign against political threats from 1936-1938, resulting in many executions and imprisonments.
What were the Five-Year Plans?
Goals set by the Soviet Union to increase production and stability, focusing on industrialization and food production.
What was the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere?
A Japanese policy promoting colonization of East Asia to preserve traditions and protect against Western influences.
What is appeasement?
A political policy of conceding to demands to prevent future conflicts.
What was the nonaggression pact?
An agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to not fight each other and divide Europe after WWII.
What was Kristallnacht?
An organized attack against Jewish people in Germany in 1938, encouraged by the Nazi Party.
What does lebensraum mean?
A German policy of expanding territory to provide resources for its population.
