Period 6 and 7

Question 1

Word

Answer 1

Defintion (Make sure to note the time period if possible)

Question 2

Homestead Act

Answer 2

An act passed by the government in 1862 that allowed Americans too get free land if they lived on it for multiple years. This was done in order to promote westward expansion, and increase American agricultural output.

Question 3

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 3

The Transcontineital Railroad was a project focused on uniting America through the railway system, employing lots of workers including lots of immagrants as they worked from 1863 to 1869 to complete it.

Question 4

Laissez faire

Answer 4

Laissex Faire was the American domestic economic policy that focused on having the fedral government mostly refrain from using its power to control American business. This policy lasted the duration of the gilded age, from the late 1800s to the early 1900s.

Question 5

John D. Rockefeller (oil)

Answer 5

John D. Rockerfeller was an Americna bussiness man known for large amount of wealth. He profited off of oil and relaxed business laws during the time that allowed him to make more money.

Question 6

Vertical Integration

Answer 6

A method of manufacturing commonly used during the gilded age, in which it was only one sole company controls the process and production of making a good. That means from the accqusistion of the raw materials, to the production of the final product only one company is producing the good.

Question 7

Horizontal integrations

Answer 7

Horizontal integrations is a manufacturing mehtod used most commonly in the gilded age, in which multiple companies would be involved in the proccess of producing a good. It was simillar to a chain.

Question 8

Andrew Carnegie (steel)

Answer 8

Andrew Carnegie was one of the many people who profited off of the relaxed lassiez faire polcies the Aemricna government adopted during the Gilded Age of the late 1800s and early 1900s. He focused on the steel industry, which would eventually become an American economic staple.

Question 9

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 9

The “Gospel of Wealth” is an essay written by Andrew Carnegie. Publshied in 1889, the passage focused on the philinthropic philosphy Carnegie followed which related back to the responsibillity that the upper class had to helping out their community.

Question 10

National Labor Union

Answer 10

The National Labor Union was one of the first American labor unions, which was made to protect workers from the agressive busniess practices during the gilded age. It didn’t last very long but it paved the way for other labor unions such as the Knights of Labor.

Question 11

Knights of Labor

Answer 11

The Knights of Labor was another labor union during the early part of the gilded age that helped promote better conditions for workers. It promoted better working hours, improved pay, the eliminatio0n of child labor, and equality for all workers.

Question 12

Haymarket Affair

Answer 12

The Haymarket Affair took place in 1886 Chicago, and was a violent riot that occured as a reuslt of a bombing that took place during a workplace demonstration. Multiple police officers and strikers were both injured and killed, all centered on the problems with workers rights.

Question 13

Homestead Strike

Answer 13

The Homestead Strike took place in 1892 Pensylviania, and it was another violet protest focused on workers rights. It resulted in 16 deaths total, and it didn’t result in anything positive for the workers.

Question 14

Pullman Strike

Answer 14

The Pullman strike was another violent protest, with it taking place in 1894 Chicago. It focused on railway worker condtions, in which many of them protested by refusing to work. This caused the federal government to get involved once train cars carrying things like mil were being neglected by workers, which forced the strike to end.

Question 15

Urbanization

Answer 15

The growth of cities, in replacement of more rurual living.

Question 16

Tenements

Answer 16

A multifamily urban dwelling, usually overcrowed and unsanitary.

Question 17

Nativism

Answer 17

Favoring the interests of native-born people over forgein born people/immagrants. In America this meant White people orginating from england and the orginal colonies, not the indgienous population,

Question 18

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 18

The Chinese Exclusion Act was one of the first signicant restrictions of Immagrants into America. It restricted Chinese laboroers from entering America for a 10 year peruod starting in 1882, which was due to ecomonic tension and racial discrimination.

Question 19

Populist Party (People’s Party)/ What was their platform?

Answer 19

Left-wing movements of the late 19th century that wanted to reduce the power of the corporate and financial establishment. Their platform was a graduated income tax.

Question 20

Panic of 1893

Answer 20

The Panic of 1893 was an economic disaster which caused a histeria over the population due to loss of economy and financials.

Question 21

Social Gospel

Answer 21

A 19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.

Question 22

Frontier Thesis

Answer 22

Argument by historian Fredrick Jackson Turner that the frontier experience helped make American society more democratic during the 1860s.

Question 23

Imperialism

Answer 23

The policy of extending a nations authority over other countries through political, economic, and military means.

Question 24

“White Man’s Burden”

Answer 24

the alleged and ractist thought that it is the duty of white colonizers to care for nonwhite Indigenous subjects in their colonial possessions.

Question 25

Yellow Journalism

Answer 25

the use of sensationalized and exaggerarated reporting by newspapers and magazines to attract readers

Question 26

USS Maine/Remember the Maine

Answer 26

a U.S. warship that mysteriously exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, on February 15 1898

Question 27

Treaty of Paris of 1898

Answer 27

the treaty ending the spanish-american war, in which spain freed cuba, turned over the islands of guam and puerto rico to the united states, and sold the philippines to the United states for $20 Million

Question 28

Causes of Imperialism (3 G’s!)

Answer 28

The 3 G’s were the main causes of imperialism. The people would fight over wealth and culture to spread influence and control over other countries during the emergence of 1900. Which directly contributes to Gold, God, and Glory.

Question 29

Foraker Act

Answer 29

legislation passed by Congress in 1900, in whch the U.S. ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up civil governement

Question 30

Open Door Policy

Answer 30

a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity

Question 31

Big Stick Diplomacy

Answer 31

negotiating peacefully but also having strength in case things go wrong threatening with the “big stick”, or the military, ties in heavily with the idea of Realpolitik, which implies a pursuit of political power that resembles Machiavellian ideals

Question 32

The Progressive Era

Answer 32

Progressivism sought to create a more just society over the late 19th century to the early 20th.

Question 33

Muckrakers

Answer 33

Muckrakers were writers, journalists, and photographers who would expose the corruption within the current institutions established.

Question 34

Direct primary

Answer 34

A form of election in which political party candidates were directly chosen for office beginning around 1915.

Question 35

Initiative

Answer 35

A procedure by which a legislative measure can be originated by the people rather than a lawyer

Question 36

Referendum

Answer 36

the principle or practice of submitting to popular vote a measure passed on or proposed by a legislative body or by popular initiative

Question 37

Recall

Answer 37

Recall is a power reserved to the voters that allows the voters, by petition, to demand the removal of an elected official.

Question 38

Prohibition

Answer 38

the prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages in 1918

Question 39

Square Deal

Answer 39

Theodore Roosevelt’s three major goals: conservation of natural resources, corporate law, and consumer protection.

Question 40

Upton Sinclair/The Jungle

Answer 40

The Jungle exposed unfair industrial labor, which had the result of moving Congress for the first time to regulate food production in 1906

Question 41

Meat Inspection Act AND Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 41

The Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Act was a direct consequence of poorly made, inedible, food distribution in 1906, which caused sickness and controversy of behind the counter products.

Question 42

16th and 17th Amendment

Answer 42

16th Amendment (1913) gave Congress the power to impose an income tax; 17th Amendment (1913) required the direct election of senators

Question 43

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 43

Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some others, beginning in the 1870s.

Question 44

Plessy v. Ferguson / “Separate but equal”

Answer 44

Seperate but equal was when black people have the same rights but like from far away.

Question 45

“Dollar Diplomacy”

Answer 45

Policy whereby American influence would come mostly from banks, followed by diplomats.

Question 46

Causes of WWI (M.A.I.N)

Answer 46

The causes were Alliances with other countries, Imperialism, Millitarism, and Nationalism

Question 47

Lusitania

Answer 47

British passenger ship that was sunken by a German U-boat in 1915

Question 48

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 48

A coded message sent by Germany to Mexico to create an alliance to help take out the US in 1917

Question 49

Liberty Loans/Liberty Bonds

Answer 49

Americans would help the government help pay the costs of the war and in return they would get all their money back plus interest after the war.

Question 50

Selective Service Act

Answer 50

Law enacted in 1917 that required men to register for millitary service

Question 51

Great Migration

Answer 51

A large-scale movement of African-Americans from the South to Northern cities for jobs in the early 20th century.

Question 52

19th Amendment

Answer 52

It was passed in 1919 and allowed anyone to no matter race or sex to vote

Question 53

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Answer 53

A law that made it illegal for speaking out against the government or war effort.

Question 54

Fourteen Points

Answer 54

The principles making up President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace following WW1

Question 55

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 55

The 1919 peace treaty at the end of WW1 which established new nations, borders, and war reparations. Often cited as something that will lead to World War II.