period tres

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

A period of philosophical developments in the 17th and 18th stemming from the Scientific
Revolution and the humanism of the Renaissance. Intellectuals of this era began emphasizing
reason over tradition, individualism over community values, and freedom and individual
rights over the power of monarchs and church leaders.

Question 2

Empericist

Answer 2

Belief that knowledge comes from sensed experience, a leading philosophy of the scientific
method (basing conclusions on observations on data)

Question 3

Natural rights

Answer 3

John Locke argued that people have these rights to life, liberty, and property.

Question 4

Social Contract

Answer 4

people give up
some rights to a government in return for law and order.

Question 5

Nationalism

Answer 5

loyalty to others who share one’s language and culture or country

Question 6

Suffrage

Answer 6

ability to vote

Question 7

Abolitionism

Answer 7

The movement to end the Atlantic slave trade and free all enslaved people, which gained
many followers in the 18th century.

Question 8

Liberalism

Answer 8

19th century beliefs in natural rights, freedom, and laissez-faire capitalism

Question 9

Republic

Answer 9

political system where people elect officials.

Question 10

American Declaration
of Independence

Answer 10

separation of 13 colonies from Great Britain

Question 11

The French
Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of
the Citizen

Answer 11

Adopted in 1789 during the French Revolution, declaring basic human rights

Question 12

Bolívar’s “Letter from
Jamaica”

Answer 12

, criticizing Spanish colonization and arguing for Latin
American independence.

Question 13

Industrial Revolution

Answer 13

The global transition from making goods manually to using machines

Question 14

Urbanization

Answer 14

population shift from rural to urban areas

Question 15

Capital

Answer 15

Wealth in the form of property or money owned by a business or individual.

Question 16

Specialization of
Labor

Answer 16

Workers perform much more specific tasks in order to increase the efficiency of production,
requiring less skill of workers

Question 17

Steam engine

Answer 17

an engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to
generate power.

Question 18

Internal combustion
engine

Answer 18

An engine in which the combustion of fuel with air creates hot gasses which do work such as
moving a piston while they expand. This engine was developed in the 19th century and
replaced the steam engine and has been used to power automobiles and airplanes.

Question 19

Fossil fuels revolution

Answer 19

The shift towards human reliance on fossil fuels as a result of industrialization (such as coal
for steam engine, petroleum for internal combustion engine)

Question 20

Second Industrial
Revolution

Answer 20

This was a phase of rapid industrialization also
known as the technological revolution. It was marked by advancements in steel production, electricity and petroleum use

Question 21

Steamships

Answer 21

ship that is powered by a steam engine; greatly reduced travel time and increased amount
of goods that could be transported across rivers and oceans.

Question 22

Telegraph

Answer 22

Communication system for transmitting messages through code, within seconds;

Question 23

Meiji Era

Answer 23

period of modernizing, westernizing, and industrializing in Japan

Question 24

Free trade policie

Answer 24

minimize government involvement and taxation and emphasize capitalist
principles

Question 25

Adam Smith

Answer 25

philosopher and author who wrote The Wealth of Nations. Known as the father of laissez-faire capitalism and advocated for free trade policies.

Question 26

laissez -faire capitalism

Answer 26

Meaning “Hands off” in French, advocates for demand, with minimal intervention from the government an economy based in the laws of supply

Question 27

Transnational business

Answer 27

business that operates in more than one country.

Question 28

Labor unions

Answer 28

Organizations of workers who advocate for more rights and better working conditions

Question 29

Karl Marx

Answer 29

German scholar and writer known as the father of Communism.

Question 30

Socialism

Answer 30

A system to promote equality and eliminate social classes

Question 31

Communism

Answer 31

An extreme form of Socialism which calls for a revolution to achieve Socialist ideals

Question 32

Imperialism

Answer 32

When a powerful country exerts its power/control over other places through diplomacy or military force

Question 33

Social Darwinism

Answer 33

that certain people became powerful in society because they were racially superior

Question 34

Civilizing Mission

Answer 34

The idea that more “advanced” countries had the duty to modernize “inferior” societies

Question 35

Diplomacy

Answer 35

When countries negotiate treaties or agreements, to gain control over other countrie

Question 36

Economic imperialism

Answer 36

powerful imperial countries exert economic control over colonies through trade and economic policies for their own benefit

Question 37

Indentured servitude

Answer 37

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement (though often gained through coercion and deception) to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination.

Question 38

Ethnic enclave

Answer 38

Areas of high concentration of immigrants/ethnic groups in a neighborhood/area

Question 39

Metropole

Answer 39

homeland, central territory or the state exercising power over a colonial empire