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A Level Physics > Periodic and Circular Motion > Flashcards

Periodic and Circular Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What is Linear Velocity?

A

The rate of change of linear displacement

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2
Q

What is Angular Velocity?

A

The rate at which an object rotates relative to its axis of rotation.

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3
Q

What is the SI unit of angle?

A

Radians

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4
Q

What are the units and symbol of Angular Velocity?

A

Units: Rads^-1
Symbol: ω

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5
Q

How many radians are in a complete circle?

A

2π

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6
Q

What is the equation of Linear Velocity?

A

v = 2πr/T = 2πrf

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7
Q

What is the equation of Angular Velocity?

A

ω = 2π/T = 2πf = v/r

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8
Q

Whaich direction is acceleration in circular-motion?

A

Towards the axis of rotation

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9
Q

What is the equation for Centripetal Acceleration?

A

a = v²/r = ω²r

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10
Q

What is the equation for Centripetal Force?

A

F = mv²/r = mω²r

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11
Q

What direction is Centripetal Force acting in?

A

Towards the axis of rotation

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12
Q

Define Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?

A

It is a special type of circular-motion.

The acceleration is proportional to displacement and acts in the opposite direction.

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13
Q

Where is Dislpacement at its Maximum and Minimum?

A

Maximum: At Amplitude
Minimum: At Equilibrium

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14
Q

Where is Velocity at its Maximum and Minimum?

A

Maximum: At Equilibrium
Minimum: At Amplitude

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15
Q

Where is Accerleration at Maximum and Minimum?

A

Maximum: At Amplitude
Minimum: At Equilibrium

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16
Q

What is the equation for calculating the displacement at any time?

A

x = A Cos(ωt) = A Cos(2πft)

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17
Q

What are the units and symbol for Displacement?

A

Units: Meters (m)
Symbol: X

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18
Q

What are the units and symbol for Amplitude?

A

Units: Meters (m)
Symbol: A

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19
Q

What is the equation for acceleration at any time?

A

a = -ω²X = -(2πf)²X

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20
Q

What is the equation Maximum Acceleration?

A

a = ± ω²A = ±(2πf)²A

It is ± as it occurs on both side of equilibrium.

21
Q

What is the equation for Velocity at any time?

A

v = ±ω(A²-X²)^0.5 = ±2π(A²-X²)^0.5

22
Q

What is the equation for maximum Velocity?

A

v = ±ωA = ±2πfA

23
Q

What is the equation for Total Energy of an SHM oscillator?

A

E=0.5mω²A²

24
Q

What are two SHM oscillators?

A

Mass-Spring System

Simple Pendulum

25
Q

What is the equation for the Period of a Mass-Spring System?

A

T = 2π(m/k)^0.5

26
Q

What does the equation for the Period of a Mass-Spring System assume?

A

The spring obeys Hookes Law

The spring is not stretched beyond its elastic limit

27
Q

What is the equation for the Period of a Simple Pendulum?

A

T = 2π(l/g)^0.5

28
Q

What does the equation for the Period of a Mass-Spring System assume?

A

The pendulum is only displaced by a small angle

29
Q

What is the equation for the Maximum Kinetic Energy of a SHM oscillator?

A

E = 0.5mω²A²

30
Q

What is the equation for the Kinetic Energy at any point in an SHM oscillator?

A

E = 0.5mω²(A²-X²)

31
Q

Where is Kinetic Energy at its Maximum and Minimum in and SHM oscillator?

A

Maximum: At Equilibrium
Minimum: At Amplitude

32
Q

Where is Potential Energy at its Maximum and Minimum in and SHM oscillator?

A

Maximum: At Amplitude
Minimum: At Equilibrium

33
Q

Where does Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy intercect on a Displacement-Energy graph?

A

At 0.5 E

As half the energy is kinetic and half is potential

34
Q

What is a Damped Oscillator?

A

An Oscillator which loses energy to their surroundings.

35
Q

What doesn’t change when an oscillator is damped?

A

The Period remains the same

36
Q

what is thetotal energy of an oscillator proportional to?

A

The square of its displaement

X²

37
Q

What is the defintion of an SHM oscillator?

A

a ∝ -x

38
Q

What is meant by Free Oscillator?

A

An Oscillator with no damping

39
Q

What is meant by Light Damping?

A

A system with (exponentially) decreasing amplitude

40
Q

What is meant by Heavy damping

A

A system that takes a long time to reach the equilibrium position

41
Q

What is meant by Critical Damping?

A

A system that reaches equilibrium and comes to rest in the shortest possible time ≈ t/2

42
Q

What is an example of Light Damping?

A

Mass-Spring or Pendulum

43
Q

Does the period change when an oscillator id lightly damped?

A

No

The period doesn’t change

44
Q

What is an example of Heavy Damping?

A

Mass-Spring in a high viscosity fluid

45
Q

Wha is an example of Critical Damping?

A

Car Suspension

46
Q

Who desires Critical Damping and why?

A

Engineers

It limits vibration, as it returns to equilibrium then stops

47
Q

Define Natural Frequency?

A

The frequency at which a system resonates when not subjected to an external force

48
Q

What is the equation for the Natural frequency of a Mass-Spring System?

A

f=(1/2π)(k/m)^0.5

49
Q

What is the equation for the Natural frequency of a Pendulum?

A

f=(1/2π)(g/l)^0.5

A Level Physics (16 decks)

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