Periodic Motion Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the SI unit of angle?
The radian
A radian is the angle subtended by a sector where the arc length is equal to the radius.
How many radians are in a full circle?
2π
What is angular velocity measured in?
Radians per second
What is frequency in the context of circular motion?
The number of rotations per second
Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz).
What is period in circular motion?
The length of time for one complete rotation
It is the reciprocal of frequency.
What is tangential velocity?
The linear speed at which an object in uniform circular motion is moving
Tangential velocity is measured in meters per second (m/s).
What is the formula for tangential velocity?
v = ωr
Where v is tangential velocity, ω is angular velocity, and r is radius.
Why is an object in circular motion always accelerating?
Because it’s always changing direction
What is direction is acceleration in the context of circular motion?
It’s always towards the centre (centripetal) and is perpendicular to the direction of motion
What is a centripetal force?
The force required for a body to follow a circular path
It is always directed towards the center of the circle.
In circular motion, the direction of the centripetal force must be ____ to the direction of the velocity.
perpendicular
True or False: In uniform circular motion, the speed of the object is constant.
True
What is Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)?
A special type of oscillatory motion with sinusoidal oscillations
Common examples include mass-spring systems and pendulums.
What are the two conditions for a body to be in simple harmonic motion?
- The body is always being accelerated towards the midpoint
- The rate of acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement
At what point does a system in SHM have maximum potential energy?
At amplitude
At what point does a system in SHM have maximum kinetic energy?
At equilibrium
What is the relationship between acceleration and displacement in SHM?
Acceleration is always acting in the opposite direction to displacement
What is the phase difference between displacement and velocity in SHM?
90 degrees
What is natural frequency?
The frequency at which a system will freely vibrate if set into motion
What are free oscillations?
Oscillations where the driving force is removed and the system oscillates at its natural frequency
What are forced oscillations?
Oscillations where the system is driven externally at a specific frequency (driving ferquency)
What is resonance?
A state of large amplitude oscillation that occurs when the driving frequency equals the natural frequency
How does resonance affect oscillation amplitude?
Oscillation amplitude is maximized at resonance
What is damping?
The reduction in amplitude that occurs in free vibration as energy is lost to the surroundings
