Periodic Table Flashcards
What is a period?
A period is a row (horizontal on the Periodic Table).
There are 7 periods in the Periodic Table. The two rows at the bottom (the Lanthanide and Actinide series) are part of the 6th and 7th period.
What is a group/family?
A group is a column (vertical) on the Periodic Table.
There are 18 groups on the Periodic Table. Note that hydrogen is not in any group.
What is ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to remove the outermost electron of an atom in the gas phase.
The stronger the attraction between the nucleus and its valence electron, the higher the ionization energy is.
What is the trend for ionization energy as you go down a group?
As you go down a group, the ionization energy decreases.
The attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron decreases as you go down a group because 1) the valence electron is farther away from the nucleus, and 2) the inner (or core) electrons shield some of the nuclear charge.
What is the trend for metallic character as you go down a group?
Metallic character increases as you go down a group.
What is the name for Group 1 elements?
The Group 1 elements are the alkali metals.
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of the nucleus for an electron in a bond.
What is the trend for atomic radius as you go down a group?
Atomic radius increases as you go down a group. The atoms get bigger because there are more occupied energy levels.
What is the name for Group 18 elements?
The group 18 elements are the noble gases.
The noble gases are nonreactive monatomic gases.
What are semimetals (or metalloids)?
Semimetals are elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
Semimetals are semiconductors; intermediate between the metals that are good conductors of heat and electricity and the nonmetals that are poor conductors.
What are metals?
Metals are elements that have “metallic” properties, namely: shiny, malleable and ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity, usually a silver or grey color, and usually a solid at STP. Metals have low ionization energy and low electronegativities and lose electrons to form cations.
Mercury is the only liquid metal at STP.
What is the name for elements in Group 2?
The Group 2 elements are the alkaline earth metals.
What is the name for elements in Group 17?
The Group 17 elements are the halogens.
What are transition metals?
Transition metals are the elements in Groups 3 through 12.
Transition metals are the only elements that form colored ions in water.
What is the trend for ionization energy as you go across a period?
As you go left to right across a period, the ionization energy increases.
The attraction between the nucleus and the valence electron increases because the nuclear charge increases.
