periodic table Flashcards by ppopotamus .

periodic table has simplified study of chem cus properties of the elements vary according to some _______ __________ & if those ___________ r known, u need to know position of element in periodic table & predict its chem & physical properties

fixed patters, patterns

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periodic table is arrangements of elements in order of _____________ __________ (_________) no.

increasing atomic (proton)

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periodicity is _______/ ____________ ____________ in __________ & ____________ properties of elements & its _____________ when elements arranged in _____________ __________ no.

trend/ recurring variations, physical, chemical, compounds, increasing atomic

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GROUP is the ____________ ___________ of elements

vertical columns

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elements in same grp have
1. _______ no. of ___________ ______________
2. _______ ____________ _________________ ___________________
3. ___________ ______________ properties

same, valence electrons
same valence electronic configuration
similar chemical

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PERIOD is the _____________ _______ of elements

horizontal rows

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period no. = no. of

principal quantum shells (electron shells)

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elements in same period have ________ no. of _____________ __________ ________ (eg all elements in period 3 has ___ electron shells)

same, principal quantum shells, 3

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valence electronic config of s-block
grp 1-
grp 2-

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valence electronic config of p-block
grp 13-
:
:
grp 18

ns2 np1
ns2 np6 (except Helium)

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electronic config of He

1s2

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grp __, ___ & ____r metals –> tend to _______ electrons to form ___________ ions

1,2,13, lose, positive

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grp 14 elements r ___________ –> have _________ tendency to form ions, rather they share electrons & form ____________ bonds

metalloids, lesser, covalent

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grp ___, ____ & ____ r non-metals that ______ electrons to form _____________ ions

15,16,17, gain, negative

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grp 18 elements hav _________ _______________ ____________________ –> generally ________ react to form compounds

stable electronic configuration, don’t

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no. of valence electrons =

grp no. (‘cept He)

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charge of ion formed
grp 1:
:
grp 13:
grp 14:
grp 15:
:
grp 17:
grp 18:

1+
3+
4+ or 4- (equally hard to lose/gain)
3-
1-
nil (don’t form compounds)

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in period 2,
grp ____: metallic character
grp ____: metalloid character
grp ____: non-metallic character

1-2
13
14-18

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in period 3,
grp ___: metallic character
grp ___: metalloid character
grp ___: non-metallic character

1-3
14
15-18

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general trend of metallic –> non-metallic across period: nature of elements changes from _______________________ across each period

metallic to non-metallic

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metalloids: elements with properties _______________ between those of typical _________ & ______________

intermediate, metal, non-metal

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metalloids can be found in periodic table along

stair-step line that separates metals from non-metals

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Si and Ge (germanium) r _____________ used in ___________________ ______________

metalloids, semi-conductor industry

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due to changes from _____________________ across period, there’s change in _____________ properties of the __________ of the elements

metal –> non-metal, chemical, oxides

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grp ______ oxides: basic grp ______ oxides: amphoteric grp ______ oxides: acidic

1-2 13 14-16

egs of amphoteric oxides:

aluminium oxide, lead (II) oxide & zinc oxide

s-block elements: grp _____ (includes ___ & ____)

1&2, H, He

d-block

transition elements

p-block elements: grp ______

13-18

transition metal: element that forms __/_____ _______ ions which have ________________ filled __ orbitals

1/more, stable, incompletely, d

typical transition elements r _______ having _______ melting pt, ______ density, variable oxidation state & usually form ____________ compounds

metals, high, high, coloured

grp 1 elements called ________ _______ as they're all ________ and they react with ________ to form ___________ solutions (containing _____ ions)

alkali metals, metals, water, alkaline, OH-

grp 1 metals have ___ valence electron, which they ______ to form ions of ____ charge

1, lose, 1+

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements: melting & boiling pts ___________ down grp cus melting & boiling involve overcoming ________ _______________ forces of _____________ between ________ & ____ of _______________ ____________. down grp, __________ _______ ______________, resulting in _________ metallic bonds which needs _______ energy to overcome

decrease, strong electrostatic, attraction, cations, sea, delocalised electrons metallic radius increases, weaker, less

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements: - density of grp 1 _______ than those of other metals - densities of elements ____________ down grp

lower increase

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements: grp 1 metals r ______, ________ _______ & r ______ (can be cut with a knife) when freshly cut, they show ________ & _________ surface which ____________ rapidly in ____

shiny, silvery solids, soft shiny, silvery, tarnishes, air

PHYSICAL properties of grp 1 elements: they react _________ with __________ & ________ hence they gotta be stored under _____ to protect them from moisture

rapidly, oxygen, water, oil

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements: grp 1elements react vigorously with _____ _______ to produce ________________ ______ & an ____________ solution of ________ _____________

cold water, hydrogen gas, alkaline, metal hydroxide

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements: metal + water -->

hydrogen + metal hydroxide

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements: trend is grp 1 elements become _______ ___________ _______ the group (least reactive: ____, most reactive: ____)

more reactive down, Li, Fr

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements: grp 1 elements _______ reactive down grp cus _________ ________ of metals ______________ down grp so ____________ ______________ r __________ away from nucleus & ______ ___________ ______________ to nucleus so _______ easily ______

more, metallic radius, increases, valence electrons, further, less strongly attracted, more, lost

CHEMICAL properties of grp 1 elements: lithium reacts __________ with water, sodium reacts ____________ with water, potassium reacts ____________ with water

slowly, vigorously, violently

grp 17 elements r called ___________ cus they react with most ________ to form ______

halogens, metals, salts

halogens (grp ___) r very __________ ________________

17, reactive non-metals

halogens (grp ___) exist as __________ _____________

17, diatomic molecules

halogens r ___________ & hav ________ ______________ _____________ with ____________ bonds between ________ & ________ ____________________ __________ of attractions between ______________

non-polar, simple molecular structures, covalent, atoms, weak intermolecular forces, molecules

halide ions all have a ___ charge

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements they have _____ boiling & melting pts due to ________ amt of energy needed to ____________ the _______ ___________________ __________ of attractions between _____________

low, small, overcome, weak intermolecular forces, molecules

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements trend: boiling & melting pts ____________ down grp as - size of ___________ _______ _______________ --> __________ extent of polarisation (uneven distribution of electrons around an atom/molecule) of electron cloud - __________ & more _____________ ____________________ forces of __________________ between _____________ which need ___________ amt of energy to overcome

- increase - electron cloud increases, greater - stronger, extensive, intermolecular, attraction, molecules, greater

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements ___________ _____________ increases down grp (Cl is ________________, Br is __________________ & I is _________________)

colour intensity, greenish-yellow gas, reddish-brown liquid, shiny black solid

volatility:

ease of conversion from liquid to gas

lower the boiling pt, _________ the volatility

higher

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements trend: volatility of halogens ______________ down grp cus boiling pt ______________ down grp

decreases, increases

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements trend: colour intensity of halogens ____________ down grp for eg, F is also a _____ (since it's above Cl & Cl is a ____) elements under I (eg astatine) also a _______ ______ (cus I is _______ ______)

- increases - gas, gas - black solid, black solid

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements colour of Cl gas: colour of Cl liquid: colour of Cl solid: colour of Cl aq solution: colour of Cl in organic solvents:

- greenish yellow - greenish yellow - nil - pale yellow - pale yellow

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements colour of Br gas: colour of Br liquid: colour of Br solid: colour of Br aq solution: colour of Br in organic solvents:

- reddish brown - reddish brown - nil - orange - orangey red

PHYSICAL properties of grp 17 elements colour of I gas: colour of I liquid: colour of I solid: colour of I aq solution: colour of I in organic solvents:

- purple - nil - black - brown - purple

displacement reactions:

more reactive halogens, X2 (higher up in grp) can displace the halides, X- (lower down in grp) to form an aqueous solution of their salts

displacement reactions: basically in grp 17, if the halogen is _________ than the aq halide, it can ___________ the aq halide (halogen goes from charge ___ to ____ & aq halide goes from charge ___ to___)

higher, oxidise, 0, 1-, 1-, 0

displacement reactions: if halogen added is _______ than aqueous halide, there'll be _________________

lower, no reaction

volatile: likely to be

a gas

not volatile at all: means have a very ______ boiling pt --> a _______

high, solid

displacement reaction concept: more reactive halogens, X2 (________ up in grp) can __________ the halides, X- (________ down grp) from an aqueous solution of their ______

higher, displace, lower, salts

stair step line in periodic table separating metals from non-metals starts between _______ & ___________ and ends between __________ & ___________

boron & aluminium, polonium (Po) & astatine (At)

electron cloud is the

region of electrons arnd molecule/atom

displacement reactions: the colour of solution will turn to the colour of _________ halogen (like the one that becomes ___)

displaced, X2

displacement reactions of metals concept: the ______ reactive metal (_______ in reactivity series) can displace the _____ reactive metal (_______ in reactivity series) from an aqueous solution of their ______

more, higher, less, lower, salts

REACTIVITY SERIES from most to least reactive

potassium K sodium Na calcium Ca magnesium Mg aluminium Al carbon C zinc Zn iron Fe lead Pb hydrogen H copper Cu silver Ag gold Au

grp 18 elements r ____________ cus they have a _______ config hence hav _____ tendency to react/combine with other elements/itself

monoatomic, stable, less

helium has what config?

stable duplet config

all grp 18 elements (cept He) have what config?

stable octet config

grp 18 elements are _______ & ______________

inert & unreactive

PHYSICAL properties of grp 18 elements - trend: melting & boiling pts __________ down grp - melting & boiling involves __________ the _______________________________ of ___________ between _______ - _____ of electron ______ _____________ down grp, causing greater ________ of _____________ of it, and there r _______ & _____ extensive ______________________ of ____________ between ______ which needs _______ energy to ___________

- increase - overcoming, weak intermolecular forces, attraction, atoms - size, cloud, increases, extent, polarisation, stronger & more, intermolecular forces, attraction, atoms, more, overcome

PHYSICAL properties of grp 18 elements - trend: density __________ down grp

increases

noble uses of noble gases - ________ for filling weather balloons - ______ used in coloured lights - ______ used for filling light bulbs to provide ______ atmosphere (cus it's unreactive so tungsten filament won't react with it)

- helium - neon - argon, inert

periodic table Flashcards

(75 cards)