Periodic Table Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is the defenition of atom?
A the smallest unit of an element. (is the smallest particle)
What is the defenition of element?
Substance made of only one type of atom, however can include many atoms of the same type.
What makes atoms different from one another?
The numer of protons.
Where is the atomic number located on the periodic table?
On the bottom left.
Where is the mass number located on the periodic table?
On the top left.
How do you work out the number of neutrons from the mass number and atomic number?
Mass number - atomic number.
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
Majoity are in the middle and left hand side.
Where are non-metals located on the period table?
On the right hand side (except for Hydrogen).
What is the definition of matter?
Matter is any physical substance which is tangible. All matter; solid, liquid and gases are made of atoms.
What is Thomson model?
1897, discovered the electron, leading to his plum pudding model. Pictures electrons in a embedded in a sphere of positive electric charge.
What is the Rutherford model?
1911, the atom has a dense positively charged nucleus. Electrons move randomly in the space around the nucleus.
What is the Bohr model?
1913, the electrons move in spherical orbits at fixed distances from the nucleus.
How is the atom structured?
There is a nucleus is the middle which consists of protons and neutrons, and an electron shell which is around the nucleus with set numbers of electrons on each shell.
What happens to the atoms as they move along the period?
All elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
The atomic radius decreases.
What happens to the atoms as they move down the group?
All elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. (the final group has a full outer shell).
All elements react with other chemicals in a similar way. (all alkali metals react with water to produce hydrogen gas).
The atomic radius increases.
What is the definition of a molecule?
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded together. you can have molecules of a compound or molecules of an element.
Which one electron shares?
Covalent
Which does electron transfer?
Ionic
What is a covalent bond?
When two elements come together and share electrons from their outer shell to complete the outer shell.
What is a ionic bond?
When two elements either need to gain or lose one or more electrons, they transfer the electrons to have a complete outer shell.
What is valency?
How many electrons an element needs to gain or lose to have a complete outer shell.
How can you determine an elements valency from the periodic table?
How many they need to lose: Group 1 = 1 Group 2 = 2 Group 3 = 3 Group 4 = 4 How many they need to gain: Group 5 = 3 Group 6 = 2 Group 7 = 1 Group 8 = 0 (full outer shell)
Definition of Isotopes?
When an element differs by the number of neutrons it has. (same element but the isotope may have one or more neutrons in the nucleus).
Definition of Isotopes?
When an element differs by the number of neutrons it has. (same element but the isotope may have one or more neutrons in the nucleus).
