Periodic Table And Trends

Question 1

How are elements categorized in the periodic table?

Answer 1

Elements are categorized into groups, periods, and blocks based on their electron configuration

This categorization helps in understanding the properties and trends of elements.

Question 2

What is the significance of the periodic table for chemists?

Answer 2

It minimises the need to memorise and provides a framework for organizing information about elements and trends

Chemists can rely on the periodic table to understand properties of elements.

Question 3

In what order is the periodic table arranged?

Answer 3

The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number

This arrangement reflects the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.

Question 4

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

Answer 4

Periods

There are 7 periods in the periodic table.

Question 5

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

Answer 5

Groups

There are 18 groups in the periodic table.

Question 6

Which groups are considered main groups in the periodic table?

Answer 6

Groups 1, 2, and 13-18

Main groups include both metals and non-metals.

Question 7

Which groups are classified as transition metals?

Answer 7

Groups 3-12

Transition metals have unique properties and electron configurations.

Question 8

What is the number of valence electrons in Group 1 elements?

Answer 8

1

These elements are known as alkali metals.

Question 9

What is the number of valence electrons in Group 2 elements?

Answer 9

2

These elements are known as alkaline earth metals.

Question 10

What is the number of valence electrons in Group 18 elements?

Answer 10

8

Helium is an exception with 2 valence electrons.

Question 11

What role do valence electrons play in chemical reactions?

Answer 11

Valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding and reactions

They determine many of the chemical properties of an element.

Question 12

What are the names of the groups in the periodic table?

Answer 12

• Group 1: Alkali metals
• Group 2: Alkaline earth metals
• Group 17: Halogens
• Group 18: Noble gases

Each group has distinct characteristics and reactivity.

Question 13

How do alkali metals react with water and oxygen?

Answer 13

They are highly reactive with water and oxygen

All alkali metals, except hydrogen, are relatively soft metals.

Question 14

How do alkaline earth metals compare to alkali metals?

Answer 14

They are harder than alkali metals but softer than transition metals and less reactive than alkali metals

Alkaline earth metals still react with water and oxygen.

Question 15

What are halogens known for?

Answer 15

They are all coloured and take electrons from metals and share electrons with non-metals

Halogens have high electronegativity.

Question 16

What is unique about noble gases?

Answer 16

They have a stable electron arrangement with full outer valence shells and do not react

This stability is due to their complete valence electron configuration.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: Electron configuration goes _______.

Answer 17

shell 🡪 subshell 🡪 orbital

Understanding electron configuration is crucial for predicting element behavior.