Periodic Table of Elements Flashcards
Set 2: Groups IB–VIIIB (128 cards)
1
Q
group IB is also known as? which consists of?
A
coinage metals; copper, silver, and gold
2
Q
the coinage metals are commonly used in?
A
currencies, jewelries, and medals
3
Q
the only reddish metal
A
copper
4
Q
rank the coinage metals from least to most malleable
A
copper, silver, gold
(in exact order)
5
Q
this term means it can be drawn into thin sheets
A
malleable (malleability)
6
Q
the second best conductor of heat and electricity
A
copper
7
Q
copper deficiency causes what illness?
A
Menke’s syndrome
or kinky hair syndrome
8
Q
what are the manifestations of Menke’s syndrome?
A
hypotonia, seizures, developmental delay, and feeding deficiencies
9
Q
hypotonia means the reduction of what?
A
reduction of muscle tone (reduced muscle tone)
10
Q
a person diagnosed with Menke’s syndrome should take what medication?
A
Copper-histidine injections
11
Q
copper toxicity is termed as?
A
Wilson’s disease
12
Q
this is the excessive accumulation of copper in the body; which affects our?
A
Wilson’s disease; affects the liver and brain
13
Q
how does Wilson’s disease affect the liver?
A
hepatomegaly, jaundice, and cirrhosis
14
Q
this is described as the enlargement of the liver
A
hepatomegaly
15
Q
this is described as the yellowing of skintone
A
jaundice
16
Q
this is described as the scarring of the liver
A
cirrhosis
17
Q
how does Wilson’s disease affect the brain?
A
tremors and parkinsonism
18
Q
what are the manifestations of a person diagnosed with parkinsonism?
A
tremors, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, and shuffling gait
19
Q
Wilson’s disease also manifests this, where one’s eyes become blue (dark rings that encircles the iris)
A
Kayser-Fleischer rings
20
Q
copper is deposited in the Descemet’s membrane of cornea
A
Kayser-Fleischer rings
21
Q
a chelating agent used for the treatment of Wilson’s disease
A
Penicillamine (Cuprimine®)
22
Q
silver tends to have this, which also means germicidal action
A
oligodynamic action
23
Q
aka shining bright
A
silver
24
Q
silver toxicity is coined as?
A
argyria
or the darkening of skin
25
a person diagnosed with argyria should take what medications?
Normal Saline Solution (NSS), or NaCl/Sodium Chloride/Salt
26
the second most malleable metal
silver
27
best conductor of heat and electricity
silver
28
originated from the word *aurum*
gold
29
silver originated from what word?
argentum
30
known to be the **king of all metals**
gold
31
the most malleable and ductile metal
gold
32
this term means it can be drawn into thin wires
ductile (ductility)
33
gold doesn't react/dissolve into just any solvent, but only?
selenic acid
34
aqua regia contains two acids, namely: (include its ratio)
3 HCl : 1 HNO3
35
HCl is also known as?
hydrochloric acid
36
HNO3 is also known as?
nitric acid
37
gold is commonly used against?
rheumatoid arthritis
38
it is a chronic autoimmune disease; symmetrical inflammation/pain/swelling of joints
rheumatoid arthritis
39
gold toxicity is termed as? and what is its corresponding antidote?
gold dermatitis; BAL/Dimercaprol
40
group IIB is known to be the? and what elements make up this group?
volatile metals; zinc, cadmium, and mercury
41
the volatile metals is associated with what word?
autocomplexations
42
this is also known as *cadmia*
zinc
| often associated with *immunity*
43
this metal is present in insulin
zinc
44
when your insulin levels are low, your blood sugar levels what?
increase
45
high levels of blood sugar in the body is called?
hyperglycemia
46
pharmacological actions of zinc
astringent, antiseptic, antiperspirant, and protectant
47
is a personal care product designed to reduce or prevent sweating; works by temporarily blocking the sweat glands, reducing the amount of sweat that reaches the skin's surface
antiperspirant
48
is a substance or material that provides a protective barrier to shield surfaces, objects, or tissues from damage, environmental exposure, or harmful agents
protectant
49
are often used to protect the skin from irritants, moisture, or friction
protectant
50
a substance that causes the contraction or tightening of body tissues (specifically the skin)
astringent
51
this substance inhibits the growth of microorganisms and viruses on living tissue
antiseptic
52
this pharmacologic action tightens the skin and contracts body tissues
astringent
53
zinc deficiency is known as?
parakeratosis
| *inflamed, thick, scaly skin*
54
refers to an abnormal condition involving keratinization; specifically, it describes a state where the keratinization process in the skin occurs abnormally
parakeratosis
55
is primarily caused by inhaling zinc oxide particles, which are produced when zinc-containing metals are heated to high temperatures
metal fume fever
56
is an acute, flu-like illness that can develop after inhaling fumes generated during the welding, cutting, or brazing of metals that contain zinc, such as galvanized steel
metal fume fever
57
what is the antidote to people who have manifested inflamed, thick, and scaly skin?
zinc supplements
58
zinc toxicity is known as?
metal fume fever
59
hyperlordosis is also known as?
swayback disease
60
this is the excessive/exaggerated inward curvature of the lower spine, leading to protrusion of the abdomen
hyperlordosis/swayback disease
61
a person diagnosed with metal fume fever should take what medication?
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
| also known as *sodium hydrogen carbonate*
62
cadmium is also known as?
stink bombs
63
itai-itai disease is toxicity from what element?
cadmium
64
itai-itai disease is also known as?
ouch-ouch disease, it hurts-it hurts disease
65
this is characterized by joint, nerves, and bone pain
itai-itai disease/ouch-ouch disease/it hurts-it hurts disease
66
people diagnosed with ouch-ouch disease should take what medication?
BAL/Dimercaprol
67
68
this is an alloy of mercury, usually used for dental fillings
amalgams
69
the Latin name from the chemical element mercury
Hydrargyrum
70
mercury is also known as?
quicksilver, messenger of the gods, and asoge
71
what ore does mercury come from?
cinnabar (HgS)/Aethrop's mineral
| *impure HgS (mercuric sulfide)*
72
mercury toxicity leads to?
Minamata disease
| *which commonly affects the brain*
73
what are the symptoms when a person is diagnosed with Minamata disease?
paresthesia, ataxia, and dysarthria
74
this is characterized by the numbness and tingling in the hands and feet
paresthesia
75
this is characterized by loss of coordination; progressive neurological disease that can lead to clumsy movements
ataxia
76
this is a condition where people have difficulty in speaking
dysarthria
77
a form of mercury poisoning, characterized by the painful pink discoloration of the hands and feet, peeling skin, irritability, sweating, and sensitivity to light; chronic Hg poisoning to children
acrodynia/pink disease/erythroderma
78
in the word acrodynia, what does *akros* and *-odynia* mean?
akros: extremitites, -odynia: pain
79
when diagnosed with erythroderma, what antidote should be taken? (new and old)
new: BAL/Dimercaprol
old: Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate (SFS)
80
in an event of an emergency, people who have just been poisoned by mercury should take?
egg albumin (egg white) for every 200mg ingested Hg; powdered sulfur (for cracks)
81
this is the best measure to use for Hg that falls to crack
powdered sulfur
82
group IIIB is also known as? and what elements make up this group?
scandium subgroup; scandium and yttrium
83
Mendeleev's given name to scandium was?
eka-boron
84
group IVB is also known as? and what elements make up this group?
titanium subgroup; titanium, zirconium, and hafnium
85
known as the *sons of the earth*
titanium
86
9th most abundant element in the earth's crust
titanium
87
group VB is also known as? and what elements make up this group?
vanadium subgroup; vanadium, niobium, and tantalum
88
this element is not affected by body fluids
tantalum
89
this element is commonly used in the repair of bones, nerves, and tissues
tantalum
90
group VIB is known as? and what elements make up this group?
chromium subgroup; chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten
91
this element has a glucose tolerance factor
chromium
92
chromium deficiency leads to?
hyperglycemia
93
chromium can be acquired from what diet?
butter
94
natural source for chromium is/are?
ochre and chromite
95
this is important in the enzyme xanthine oxidase
molybdenum
96
xanthine oxidase produces what in the body? and too much of it can lead to?
uric acid; gout
97
acute gout can be treated with? and chronic gout can be treated with?
colchicine; allopurinol
98
tungsten has a chemical symbol of W, which stands for?
Wolfram
99
what elements make up the group VIIB?
manganese, technetium, and rhenium
100
what ore did manganese come from?
pyrolusite
101
manganese deficiency leads to?
Parkinson-like symptoms
102
this is the first element to be produced artificially
technetium
103
technetium comes from the Greek word?
tekhnetos
| *which means artificial*
104
technetium is used in?
preparation of radiopharmaceuticals
105
what Tc99m is used against osteoporosis and bone imaging?
Tc99m Alendronate
106
what Tc99m is used for kidney imaging?
Tc99m Heptagluconate
107
what Tc99m is used for liver and potency studies?
Tc99m Phytate
108
what Tc99m is used for hepatobiliary studies?
Tc99m Iminodiacetic acid (IDA)
109
when a person takes alendronate, what are the key things they should remember?
take the drug on an empty stomach,
take with plain water only,
and sit upright for 30 minutes
| *and avoid drinking or eating other beverages or food*
110
what should one remember when dealing with medications with the suffix *-dronate*?
should be taken with plain water only
111
group VIIIB is also known to be the?
triads
112
what elements make up the triads?
iron, ruthenium, osmium
cobalt, rhodium, iridium
nickel, palladium, platinum
113
what elements belong to the light triad?
ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium
114
this element in present in hemoglobin (ferrous 2+)
iron
115
iron toxicity; (a disorder where extra build up of iron in the body to harmful levels)
hemochromatosis
116
what antidote should be given when a person is diagnosed with hemochromatosis?
deferoxamine
117
this element is an essential component of vitamin B12
cobalt
| *specifically cyano cobalamin*
118
a person deficient in cobalt is diagnosed with?
Megaloblastic anemia
119
megaloblastic anemia has two types:
macrocytic and normochromic
120
cobalt added to this substance makes a beautiful blue color
Vogel's reagent
121
nickel is also known as?
kupfernickel
122
this is the most powerful inorganic carcinogen
nickel
123
this element is commonly found in fake jewelries
nickel
124
this is defined as *contact dermatitis*
Nick's itch
125
what test is used to identify nickel in an object/solution?
Dimethylglyoxime test
126
this is the heaviest/densest metal
osmium
127
this element was banned due to skin granuloma
zirconium
128
aka *shining dawn*
gold
