Periodicty

Question 1

What are the horizontal rows in the period table?

Answer 1

Periods

Question 2

What are vertical columns in the period table?

Answer 2

Groups

Question 3

How are elements in the periodic table arranged?

Answer 3

•Increasing atomic numbers (increasing proton numbers in nucleus)
•Arranged in periods showing trends - gradual changes in physical and chemical properties across
•Arranged in groups which have similar chemical and physical properties and the same number of outer shell electrons

Question 4

Repeating pattern of trends across different periods is…

Answer 4

Periodicity

Question 5

Which classifications of elements are and aren’t conductors electricity?

Answer 5

•Metals = are conductors
•Non-metals = are not conductors
•Metalloids =

Question 6

What are metalloid examples?

Answer 6

B, Si, Ge, As, Te

Question 7

What do chemical reactions involve?

Answer 7

Outer shell electrons

Question 8

What does the same number of outer-shell electrons within a group affect?

Answer 8

These elements will react in a similar way

Question 9

How does blocks of elements affect their arrangement?

Answer 9

The blocks indicate the highest energy outer shell electron

Question 10

Trends in atomic radii across a period:

Answer 10

Atomic radii decreases across a period, left to right.

Protons are added to the nucleus, so nuclear charge increases. Electrons are added to the same shell. The nuclear attraction on outer shell electrons increase across a period, so electrons and drawn inwards by the nucleus making atoms smaller. Atomic radii decreases

Question 11

Trends in atomic radii down a group:

Answer 11

Atomic radii increases down a group

The number of shells increases, outer electron is added to a new shell which is further away from the nucleus. The shielding effect by the inner shell electrons increases down a group, thus increase in distance and shielding effect by the inner shell electrons outweighs nuclear charge increase. So nuclear attraction decreases, atomic radii increases

Question 12

What do melting and boiling points depend on?

Answer 12

The structure of a substance and the strength of the bonds which need to be broken

Question 13

Why do substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 13

It has a giant structure so it has strong bonds

Question 14

Why do substances have low melting and boiling points?

Answer 14

It has a simple structure so bonds are weak