Periodontal Health Gingival Disease/Conditions Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
In looking at the gingiva, it is either:
A
in health or disease
2
Q
Periodontal health- What is the importance?
A
To find the common reference point for assessing disease and determining the meaningful treatment outcomes
3
Q
The portion of the gingiva surrounding the neck of the tooth:
A
marginal/free gingiva
4
Q
Describe the attachment of the marginal/free gingiva:
A
Not directly attached to the tooth
5
Q
The marginal/free gingiva forms:
A
The soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus
6
Q
Marginal/free gingiva extends from:
A
gingival margin to the gingival (marginal) groove
7
Q
Space bounded by the tooth and the free gingiva:
A
gingival sulcus
8
Q
The gingival sulcus has ______ as its base
A
junctional epithelium
9
Q
The gingival sulcus is comprised of _______ epithelium
A
non-keratinized
10
Q
No ____ are present in the gingival sulcus
A
Rete pegs
11
Q
The gingival sulcus is considered a _____ membrane
A
semi-permeable
12
Q
Portion of the gingival that extends apically from the area of the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction:
A
attached gingiva
13
Q
The attached gingiva is normally covered by:
A
keratinized epithelium with rete ridges
14
Q
No _____ is present in the attached gingiva
A
submucosa
15
Q
The attached gingiva is bound to the:
A
bound to the underlying tooth and bone
16
Q
Portion of the gingiva extends between the teeth:
A
interdental gingiva
17
Q
Includes the Col area which is composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the interproximal space:
A
interdental gingiva
18
Q
Describe the gingival col:
A
Area comprised of a non-keratinized squamous epithelium in the interproximal space
19
Q
What is the cellular makeup of the gingival col?
A
non-stratified squamous epithelium
20
Q
The gingival col is found in what area of gingiva?
A
interdental gingiva
21
Q
Microscopic features of the anatomy of the periodontium includes: (3)
A
- oral epithelium
- sulcular epithelium
- junctional epithelium
22
Q
The oral epithelium is comprised of:
A
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
23
Q
Describe the turnover rate of the oral epithelium:
A
turnover rate of 30 days
24
Q
The sulcular epithelium is comprised of:
A
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
25
Rete pegs are present in the sulcular epithelium. The sulcular epithelium is considered a semi-permeable membrane.
First statement false; second statement true
26
The juncntioal epithelium is comprised of:
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
27
The junctional epithelium is attached to the tooth with:
hemidesmosomes
28
The junctional epithelium can be infiltrated by:
PMNs
29
Describe the rate of turnover for the junctional epithelium:
high rate of turnover (7-10 days)
30
- keratinized epithelium
- rete pegs present
- resistant to forces of mastication
oral epithelium
31
- non-keratinized epithelium
- no rete pegs present
- semi-permeable membrane
sulcular epithelium
32
- non-keratinized epithelium
- hemi-desmosomal and non-collagenous proteins attachment
- attachment on the tooth is normally at or near the CEJ
- can be infiltrated by PMNs
junctional epithelium
33
- diffused amorphous ground substance
- collagen fibers
- blood vessels in the papillary projections of the connective tissue
gingival connective tissue
34
Forms the connective tissue attachment of the junctional epithelium:
densely packed collagen fibers
35
The stability of this attachment is a key factor in the limitation of the migration of junctional epithelium:
connective tissue attachment
36
The stability of the connective tissue attachment is a key factor in the limitation of:
migration of the junctional epithelium
37
The term "biologic width" has been replaced with:
supracrestal tissue attachment
38
Supracrestal tissue attachment (biologic width) is made up of:
junctional epithelium (0.97mm) + connective tissue attachment (1.07 mm) = 2.04mm
39
When plaque is present, the epithelium lining the sulcus is prone to:
invasion by bacteria & their byproducts due to the nature of the type of epithelium
40
If plaque is present, the epithelium lining the sulcus is prone to invasion by bacteria and their byproducts due to the nature of the type of epithelium. Therefore:
Inflammation can initiated and cause the clinical signs of gingivitis, which can progress to periodontitis, if left untreated
41
Features of the gingiva (to be noted): (7)
1. color
2. contour
3. consistency
4. shape
5. size
6. surface texture
7. position
42
The color of attached and marginal gingiva displays a range from:
brown, orange to pink
43
The color of the attached and marginal gingiva is dependent on: (4)
1. vascular supply
2. the thickness
3. degree of keratinization of epithelium
4. pigment-containing cells
44
The color of the attached and marginal gingival varies among different ______ and correlates with _____
persons; cutaneous (skin) pigmentation
45
In the following images, the marginal and attached gingiva are ____. The alveolar mucosa I _____
coral pink; red/smooth/shiny
46
The contour of the gingiva should be:
scalloped and collar-like
47
In regards to the contour of the gingiva, the gingival level is higher:
interproximally
48
What is indicated by the arrows in the following image? What type of gingiva comprises this area?
interdental papillae (formed by the attached gingiva)
49
The shape of the interdental gingiva is governed by the:
contour of the proximal surface and location and shape of the gingival embrasures
50
The consistency of health gingiva would be described as:
firm & resilient
50
The size of the gingiva should correspond with the sum total of the:
bulk of cellular and intercellular elements and vascular supply
51
What contributes to the firmness go the gingival margin?
gingival fibers
52
The surface texture of the attached gingiva is ______ the surface texture of the marginal gingiva is ____
stippled; not stippled
53
Stippling varies with ____
age
- absent during infancy, appears in some children about 5 years of age, it increases until adulthood, and it frequently begins to disappear during old age
54
Stippling is less prominent on ______ than ____ surfaces and may be absent in some persons
lingal; facial
55
Microscopically, stippling is produced by:
alternated rounded protuberances and depressions in the gingival surface
56
Describes the level to which the gingival margin is attached to the tooth:
position
57
The absence of clinically detectable inflammation within the gingiva:
gingival health
58
Microbiological determinants of gingival health: (2)
1. supragingival plaque
2. subgingival plaque
59
Host determinants of gingival health: (2)
1. local predisposing factors
2. systemic modifying factors
60
List some LOCAL predisposing factors that contribute to gingival health: (4)
1. periodontal pockets
2. restorations
3. root anatomy
4. tooth position & crowding
61
List some SYSTEMIC modifying factors that contribute to gingival health: (3)
1. host immune function
2. systemic health
3. genetics
62
Environmental determinants of gingival health: (4)
1. smoking
2. medication
3. stress
4. nutrition
63
What might be some ways to determine gingival health?
1. bleeding upon probing
2. periodontal probing
3. radiographic features
4. tooth mobility
64
T/F: Periodontal probing is inadequate for diagnosis when used alone
True
65
T/F: Ideally the lamina dura is 4,, from the most coronal part of the alveolar crest to the CEJ
False- 2mm
66
T/F: Tooth mobility is recommended as a singular means of diagnosis
False
67
T/F: Gingival health can be attained following treatment of gingivitis
True
68
The treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health still remains at an increased risk for:
recurrent periodontitis
69
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- total absence of clinical inflammation and physiologic immune surveillance with no attachment or bone loss
Pristine Periodontal Health
70
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation with no attachment or bone loss
Clinical Periodontal Health
71
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation in a reduced periodontium
Periodontal Disease Stability
72
Classify the category of periodontal health:
- absence of minimal levels of clinical inflammation in a reduced periodontium with previous inflammation and disease
Periodontal Disease Remission/Control
73
What are the 2 main categories of gingivitis:
1. dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
2. non-dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
74
_____ is the MOST common form of periodontal disease
gingivitis
75
Signs and symptoms a patient with gingivitis may experience includes: (4)
1. bleeding when brushing
2. blood in saliva
3. gingival swelling & redness
4. halitosis
76
For a patient with gingivitis, what are some of the clinical findings at the dental exam? (2)
1. bleeding upon gentle probing
2. change in gingival clinical features such as color, contour, shape, size, consistency, surface texture, &/or position
77
One of the early signs prior to color change or other visual signs of inflammation:
gingival bleeding on probing
78
______ is an excellent negative predictor of future attachment loss
absence of BOP
79
_____ masks BOP by suppressing the inflammatory response
smoking
80
Smoking masks BOP by suppressing the:
inflammatory response
81
Color is an important clinical sign of gingival disease and can present in the following locations/ ways: (4)
1. marginal
2. patch-like
3. generalized
4. localized
82
What colors are associated with gingivitis? (4)
1. pale
2. red
3. bluish-red
4. whitish-gray
83
The changes in consistency of the gingiva with gingivitis are resulting from:
Predominance of destructive and reparative processes
84
List some of the CHRONIC forms of consistency associated with gingivitis: (3)
1. soggy puffiness
2. softness & friability
3. firm, leathery consistency
85
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