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Oral biology > Periodontium > Flashcards

Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

periodontium is defined as

A

those tissues supporting and investing the tooth which are PDL, cementum, bone lining and the gingiva facing the tooth.

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2
Q

periodontium has what origin

A

ectomesenchymal except gingiva

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3
Q

define cementum

A

cementum is a vascular hard tissue that surrounds the root of the tooth. it either has cell or no cell and is has collagen fibers in its matrix

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4
Q

stages of development of cementum

A

it has 2 stages
prefunctional stage that occurs throughout root formation
and functional stage that occurs after the tooth is in occlusion and continues throughout life

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5
Q

function of acellular and cellular cementum

A

acellular has the role of anchorage and cellular has the adaptative response to tooth wear and movement and repair of periodontal tissues.

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6
Q

composition of cementum

A

45-50% hydroxy and 50% organic collagen and non collagenous proteins

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7
Q

predominant collagen if cementum and its function

A

is type I collagen and is found in pdl and it structures the fiber bundles that attach the tooth to the bone and distribute masticatory force

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8
Q

type III in cementum is found when

A

during repair, development and regeneration of mineralization and is reduced as the the cementum matures

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9
Q

another type of collagen except I and III and its found where and does what?

A

its XII type collagen and its found is association with type I . its present in ligamentous tissues including pdl and it maintains a mature and functional pdl to withstand the occlusion of the force of occlusion

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10
Q

trace amount of other collagen found are

A

V VI AND XIV

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11
Q

non collagenous proteins found in cementum are

A

alkaline phosphate, bone sialoprotein, dentine sialoprotein, dentine matrix protein 1, osteonectin, ostepontin, tenascin, oesteocalcin, proteoglycans, fibronectin and BRIL

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12
Q

cementum formation initiation is limited to

A

root edge

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13
Q

describe what happens before cementum on roof surface is made

A

HERS at the coronoapical extension of inner and outer enamel epithelium send induction message to produce some enamel or other epithelium proteins to the facing ectomesenchymal pulp cells, that form odontoblast and make the predentin.

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14
Q

current theories

A
  1. after dentine has been deposited, the hers become interrupted and ectomesenchymal cells from the inner portion of dentinal follicle comes in contact with the predentin
  2. dental follicle receive reciprocal inductive signals from dentine or hers surrounding the cells and differentiate into cementoblast.
  3. the hers trasnform into cementoblast
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15
Q

cell rest of malassez

A

the fragments of sheath make up a mass of cells in pdl know as the cell rest of malassez which function as maintained and regeneration of periodontal tissues

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16
Q

enamel pearls and made where (ALSO CALLED AS RADICULAR CYST)

A

if HERS remain attached to the forming root, they form focal deposition of enamel like material on the furcation of the root,

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17
Q

Precursors cells of cementum and pdl are what and what origin

A

the origin is dental follicle and the cells are cementoblast and fibroblast

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18
Q

what leads to the formation of cementodentinal junction

A

cementoblast producing acellular extrinsic fiber differentiate at the proximity of the root edge
in the developing root, cementoblast align against the un mineralized mantle dentine
they extend their processes inside the mantle dentin and starts depositing collagen fibers so the cementum and dentine intermingle.
mineralization then spreads from mantle dentine to the cementum under the influence on non collagenous matrix proteins and that’s how CEJ is made

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19
Q

initial acellular extrinsic fiber cementum has

A

a layer on mineralization with collagen fiber fringe implanted perpendicular to the root surface

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20
Q

how acellular extrinsic fiber cementum thickens

A

the cells on the surface move away depositing more collagen so that the fine fiber bundle thickens, it also secrete non collagenous matrix protein that are present between the collagen.

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21
Q

the activity of surface cells moving away and depositing collagen goes on for how long and what happens after that

A

this activity goes on till 15 to 20 micrometer of cementum has been formed and then pdl comes and gets stitched with the fibrous fringe

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22
Q

stirations seen on acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

A

one stiaration is parralel to the rooth

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23
Q

initial acellular extrinsic fiber cementum has

A

a layer on mineralization with collagen fiber fringe implanted perpendicular to the root surface

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24
Q

how acellular extrinsic fiber cementum thickens

A

the cells on the surface move away depositing more collagen so that the fine fiber bundle thickens, it also secrete non collagenous matrix protein that are present between the collagen.

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25
Q

the activity of surface cells moving away and depositing collagen goes on for how long and what happens after that

A

this activity goes on till 15 to 20 micrometer of cementum has been formed and then pdl comes and gets stitched with the fibrous fringe

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26
Q

stirations seen on acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

A

one striation is parallels to the root and is the incremental deposition and the other striation is perpendicular to the root surface and those are mineralized PDL collagen fiber bundles

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27
Q

overall degree of mineralization of acellular extrinsic fiber cementum is

A

45-60%

28
Q

cellular intrinsic fiber cementum

A

after half the root has been formed a less mineralized cementum is formed against the unmirezalllied dentine at the advancing root

29
Q

cementoid

A

a layer of un mineralized matrix present on the surface of mineralized matrix is present called cementoid

30
Q

cementocytes

A

as cementum deposition progress the cementoblast gets entrapped in the ecm secreted by cementoblast and now are called cementocytes.
they reside in lacuna and have canaliculi which does not form syncytium

31
Q

cellular mixed fiber cementum

A

as PDL becomes organized, cementum keeps depositing around the ligament fiber bundles and that’s how they are in cooperated into the cementum and are partially mineralized so are called cellular mixed fiber cementum

32
Q

sec0ndayr cementum is identifiable in microscope how

A

it has cementocytes lying in lacuna and have canaliculi directed towards the tooth surface
intrinsic fibers are uniformly mineralized where as extrinsic are not
the presence of cementoid on the surface

33
Q

secondary cementum is not present in what teeth and is confined to

A

canine and incisor

apical and interradicular regions of the tooth

34
Q

acellular afribrillar cementum

A

cementum has no collagen and its deposited on enamel and dentine in proximity to DEJ (does not take part in tooth anchoring)

35
Q

2 ways that believed to form then acellular afribrillar cementum

A

caused by a developmental anomaly due to local disruption in the reduced enamel epithelium that permit follicular cells to come in contact with enamel and differentiate into cementoblast
HERS may form epithelial products that accumulate on the root surface and form this intermediate cementum

36
Q

acellular afibril cementum is found

A

cervical enamel

37
Q

extrinsic acellular fiber cementum found

A

cervical margin (50 micrometer) to two thirds of the root and in canine and incisor (only one found in this teeth) present till apical foramen (200 micrometer)

38
Q

intrinsic cellular fiber cementum is found

A

apical third till interradicular regions of molar and pre molar till furcation

39
Q

CEJ %

A

30% enamel and cementum meets at butt joint
10% have gap junction between them exposing root dentine
60% cementum overlaps enamel

40
Q

exposure of root dentine can casue what issues

A

sensitivity
root caries
and idiopathic osteoclast mediated root resorption

41
Q

alveolar process consist of

A

outer (buccal and lingual) cortical plate, central spongiosa and bone lining the alveolar (alveolar bone) n

42
Q

the cortical plate and alveolar bone meet at

A

the alveolar crest

43
Q

cribriform plate

A

the alveolar bone has inner and outer compartment that has many foramina that has vessels and nerves so thats why its called as cribriform plate

44
Q

lamina dura

A

alevolar bone has increase radiopacity

45
Q

bundle bone

A

the bone lining the sockets are called as the bundle bone
it has extrinsic collagen fiber bundles of pdl and less intrinsic collagen fibers than lamellar bone
it provides a site for attachment for PDL

46
Q

cortical plate consist of

A

has an surface layer of lamellar layer with compact Haversian system
it is thinner in maxilla and thickest in buccal aspect of premolar and molars of mandible

47
Q

central part consist

A

trabecular or spongy bone which also has a Haversian system with trabeculae

48
Q

trabecular bone is absent in

A

anterior teeth and the cortical plate and alveolar bone is fused together

49
Q

PDL CELL differentation

A

heterogenous population of mesenchymal cells and have cells that differentiate into osteoblast or cementoblast
also the perivascular and endosteal fibroblast that makes pdl cementum and bone

50
Q

pdl is found where and its thinnest at what part

A

its a soft connective tissue present between the cementum of the root and the alveolar bone
thinnest in the middle third of the root

51
Q

pdl width

A

0.15 to 0.38 mm

52
Q

pdl width in diff age

A
  1. 21 mm from 11 to 16
  2. 18 mm from 32 to 52
  3. 15 mm from 51 to 67
53
Q

PDL main cells

A

osteoblast, osteoclast, macrophages, fibroblast, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, stem cells, cementoblast

54
Q

PDL ground substances contains

A

glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids

55
Q

fibroblast and their ability

A

fibroblast are the principal cells of pdl and have the ability to achevive high rate or protein turn over the ecm specially collagen

56
Q

fibroblast contains what as in organelles

A

they have extensive amount of cytoplasm with organelles involved in protein synthesis and secretions they also have a cytoskeleton mainly actin which allows the migration and change in shape of fibroblast

57
Q

epithelial cells

A

they are ruminant of HERS, ERM WHICH are found near cementum. they maintain pdl and have a stem cell compartment that can give rise to various periodontium cells.

58
Q

epithelial cells can be activated to make

A

epithelial and mesenchymal matrix proteins that take part in mineralization of tooth and bone

59
Q

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

A

they are a source of new PDL CELLS, fibroblast osteoblast and cementoblast.

60
Q

stem cells

A

more easily available stem cells in pdl than in pulp

they differentiate into adipogenic, cemetogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cells.

61
Q

dentogingival group

A

attached from cervical cementum to the lamina propria of attached and free gingiva

62
Q

alveologingival group

A

attached from the alveolar crest of bone to the lamina propria of attached and free gingiva

63
Q

circular group

A

small groups of fibers, forms a band around the neck of the tooth and interlacing with other group of fibers and attached free gingiva to the tooth

64
Q

dentoperiosteal group

A

run apically from cementum into the periosteum of the outer cortical plate and insert into alveolar process or vestibular muscle and floor of the mouth

65
Q

transseptal fiber

A

run from the cemetum of one tooth apical to the base of epithelium junction over the alveolar crest and insert into the cemetum of another tooth

66
Q

transseptal fiber system are a major cause of

A

postretention relapse of orthodontically positioned teeth

Oral biology (6 decks)

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