Periodontium Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the function of the Periodontium?
- Supports the teeth
- Protecting the dentition from infections
- Protects dentition from masticatory forces
What parts make up the Periodontium?
- Alveolar bone
- Gingival complex - gingival margin, gingival sulcus, free gingiva and attached gingiva
- Cementum
- Periodontal ligament
What is col in the Periodontium?
A structure that is in the interproximal space and connects the buccal and lingual papillae
- on the inner side of the Periodontium
What is the free gingival grove?
That margin where the free gingiva meets the attached gingiva
What is collagen and how is it arranged in the gingiva?
Is a extracellular proteins that makes fibres for support in connective tissue
Within there is type 1 collagen arranged as:
1. Dentogingival collagen
2. Alveolar -gingival collagen
3. Transparent collagen
4. Circufremtial collagen
What are 3 types of epithelium on the gingiva?
- Oral epithelium - up to gingival sulcus
- Sulcus epithelium - around the gingival sulcus
- Junctional epithelium -
How is the attached gingiva attached to the cementum?
Attaches via Dentogingival collagen fibres
What is the mucogingival junctions?
This is where the alveolar mucosa meets the attached gingiva
Can be noticed by a colour change from the pink attached gingiva to the red alveolar mucosa
Why is there a difference in colour between oral mucosa and gingival tissue?
The oral mucosa is non keratinised whereas the gingival tissues are orthokeratinised
What are the different types of stratified squamous epithelium, when talking about keratinised?
- Keratinised
- Orthokeratinised
- Parakeratinised
What is keratinised epithelium mean?
The top cells are dead and filled with keratin, they contain no nucleus or cytoplasm only keratin filled cells
What does Parakeratinised epithelium mean?
The surface cells still contain keratin, still contain a nucleus
What does orthokeratinised epithelium mean?
The keratinisation is incomplete
What type of keratinisation is at each gingival epithelium?
- Oral epithelium - orthokeratinised
- Sulcus epithelium - Parakeratinised
- Junctional epithelium - non-keratinised
What are the features of Junctional epithelium?
- Attaches to enamel via hemi-Desmosomes, when attachment is lost it attaches to the cementum and then root
- Git large gap between cells so neutrophils from the GFC can enter however so can bacteria
- Due to high infection rate there is a high turn over rate therefor cells don’t have time to be keratinised
What is apical migration?
This is when the epithelium migrates down the tooth towards the root as attachment is lost
What are the features of sulcus epithelium?
- Has no rete ridges
- Basal cells have a high turn over rate therefor pathogens are quickly shed however this reduces time for cells to keratinised therefore the cell in this area are Parakeratinised
- capable for bacteria pinocytosis and starting an inflammatory response
What is pinocytosis?
An active process of breaking down bacteria by the cells
What are the features of oral epithelium?
- Surface cells are orthokeratinised nucleated cells
- Basal cells form rete ridges with connective tissue
This creates an impenetrable barrier so pathogens must enter from the gingival sulcus which is heavily protected
What is the GCF?
This is the Gingival cervicular fluid
What is the function of the GCF?
Contains lots of blood cells and immune components e,g. White blood cells and plasma cells
- moves into the sulcus space as Junctional epithelium has large gaps between cells
Moves from capillaries into gingival tissue into the sulcus
How does GCF flow rate change when there is inflammation?
Once the sulcus is infected the GCF flow is much faster and it starts the inflammatory process
Normal flow rate is 1ml a day
What is the cementum?
Layer of Periodontium, thicker at apex than coronally
Made of 2 parts
1. Acellular
2. Cellular
What is the PDL?
Periodontal ligament, this is a connective tissue between the root of the tooth and the inner wall of the alveolar socket
