Periodontium Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are the main functions of the Periodontium?
- Attach the bone to the bone tissues
- Maintain the integrity of the surface of masticatory mucosa of the oral cavity
Why are periodontal diseases important for patients?
- Appearance
- Bad breath from diseased gums
- Gum disease means loose teeth. or lost teeth
- Diabetes and Smoking
- Unhealthy
Why are periodontal diseases important for dentists?
- Unhealthy
- Gum disease means loose teeth, or lost teeth
- Appearance
- Bad breath emanates from gums
What are some clinical features?
- Colour
- Contour
- Consistency
- Bleeding on Probing
- Attachment level
Describe the clinical feature of Colour
- Free gingiva “Coral pink”
Describe the clinical feature of Contour
- Free gingival margin often scalloped
- Rounded
Describe the clinical feature of Consistency
Firm and resilient
- Firmly attached to the underlying bone and cementum by connective tissue fibres
Describe the clinical feature of Bleeding on Probing
-Healthy tissues don’t bleed
- Inflamed tissue usually will bleed on probing
Describe the clinical feature of Periodontal Probing
Difference shallow probing depth between 0-3mm
What is Gingivitis?
- Inflammatory response to bacterial plaque
- Restricted to the gingival tissues
- No associated loss of attachment
What is Periodontitis?
- Inflammatory response to bacterial plaque
- Influenced by individual’s immune response
- Leads to loss of periodontal support
What are the Periodontal disease associated factors?
- Local factors
- Calculus
- III fitted restorations
- Systemic Conditions (Diabetes)
- Smoking)
What are Microbial Biofilm?
Structured colonies of microorganisms
- Form ecological communities
What are Microbial Biofilm embedded in?
Polysaccharide matrix
Where are Microbial Biofilm found?
On hard surfaces in aquatic environments or implanted medical devices
What do Plaque microorganisms stimulate?
Immune response
- Inflammatory cells (Macrophages and Leukocytes) release inflammatory mediators that in turn trigger degradative processes
What are Predisposing factors of Periodontal disease?
- Calculus
- Overhanging restorations
- Subgingival restorations
- Open contacts points
What are Modifying factors of Periodontal disease?
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppression
- Systemic disease
What are anatomical features?
- Crowded dentition
- Furcations
- Developmental grooves
What does Smoking do to Periodontal Disease?
- Decreased blood flow
- Altered neutrophil function
- Altered fibroblast function
- Altered inflammatory mediator production
- Decreased healing
What does Immunosuppression do to Periodontal Disease?
- HIV
- Leukocyte Deficiencies
- Stress
What are some other Modifying factors?
Puberty & Pregnancy
- Increased blood flow
- Increased inflammation
