Perioneum And Peritoneal Cavity

Question 1

Abdominal cavity extends as high as which ics

Answer 1

5th

Question 2

What is extraperitoneal tissue

Answer 2

Areolar tissue between parietal layer and abdominal body wall

Question 3

Clinical importance of absorptive surface of peritoneum

Answer 3

Fluid accumulation in diseased conditions

Various spaces and recesses where internal hernias can occur

Question 4

Primarily retroperitoneal organs example

Answer 4

Kidney(find more later)

Question 5

Secondarily retroperitoneal organs example

Answer 5

Ascending and descending coli

Question 6

Examples of intraperitoneal organs

Answer 6

Stomach spleen liver

Question 7

Mesentery definition

Answer 7

Double layer of visceral peritoneum attaching an enclosed small or large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 8

3 named mesenteries mentioned in slides

Answer 8

Mesentery of small intestines (runs obliquely from left to right)
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon

Question 9

Omentum?

Answer 9

Double layered fold of visceral peritoneum passing from stomach and proximal duodenum to adjacent viscera

Question 10

Anatomy of greater omentum?

Answer 10

Hangs from greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum, folds back and attaches to the transverse colon(I.e it is a double sheet folded on itself so it has 4 layers )

Function
Stores fat
As a result provides insulation against heat loss
Policeman of the gut(has fixed macrophages)
Helps limit the spread of infection in the cavity

Question 11

What constitutes the portal triad

Answer 11

Common role duct, portal vein and hepatic artery proper

Question 12

Lesser omentum has a J shaped attachment to liver. Right and left side attached to what strictures?

Answer 12

Right side to porta hepatis

Rest to fissure for ligamentum venosum

Question 13

Peritoneal ligaments

Answer 13

Double layer of peritoneum connecting an organ to another or to the abdominal wall

Question 14

What is the falciform ligament

Answer 14

Double layer of peritoneum above umbilicus which is attached to anterior abdominal wall and liver

Shifted more to right bcc of liver
Lower border folded on itself and rounded to become ligamentum trees

Question 15

What are the 3 umbilical folds and where are they found

Answer 15

Anterior abdominal wall, below umbilicus

Median umbilical fold(over median umbilical ligaments which is a remainder of urachus)

Medial umbilical fold
Over medial umbilical ligament. Remains of umbilical arteries)

Lateral umbilical folds(over inferior epigastric vessels)

Question 16

Note. Peritoneal ligaments (falciform) and umbilical folds, anterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

Mesentery - posterior abdominal wall

Question 17

What are the 3 recesses of peritoneal cavity

Answer 17

Duodenal recess
Caecal recess
Inter sigmoid recess

Question 18

What are the 2 sacs of the peritoneal cavity and what ensures communication between them

Answer 18

Greater and lesser sac

Omental/epiploic foramen

Question 19

What is the omental bursa?

Answer 19

Another name for the lesser sac
Provides free movement for the stomach during contraction and distension
Found behind stomach and lesser omentum

Has a superior recess which is limited superiority by diaphrahm and posterior layers of coronary ligament

Inferior recess which is an extension into gastrocolic ligament

Question 20

What are the boundaries of the omental foramen

Answer 20

Anteriorly by free edge of lesser omentum containing portal triad

Posteriorly by ivc and right crus of diaphragm

Superiorly by caudate lobe of liver

Inferiorly by superior part of duodenum, portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

Question 21

What structures form the stomach bed

Answer 21

Left some of diaphragm
Spleen
Left kidney and Supradrenal gland
Splenic artery
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon and colon

Question 22

Subdivisions of supracolic compartment

Answer 22

Subphrenic space
Subhepatic space

Note therefore that the supracolic compartment lies between diaphragm and transverse colon and its mesocolon. Generally the tc and its mc are the reference for peritoneal compartments

Question 23

In males, no communication between peritoneal cavity and external environment. Peritoneum passes over … superiorly and … anteriorly

Answer 23

Bladder superiorly, rectum anteriorly

Question 24

What is the posterior fornix

Answer 24

Space in vagina around the cervix

Question 25

Segmental supply of parietal peritoneum by

Answer 25

Intercostal and lumbar nerves

Question 26

Peritoneum of central tendon supplied by

Answer 26

Phrenic nerve

Question 27

Pelvic parietal peritoneum supplied by

Answer 27

Obturator nerve

Question 28

Note on innervatuom

Answer 28

No afferwnt supply of visceral peritoneum. Pain from diseased viscera due to muscle spasm, tension on mesenteric folds, etc