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N158 Nursing Therapeutics > Perioperative > Flashcards

Perioperative Flashcards

1
Q

start/end preop period

A

surgery is scheduled

transfer to surgical suite

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2
Q

start/end intraop period

A

enters surgical suite

transfer to PACU/same-day surgery unit/ICU

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3
Q

start/end postop period

A

transferred out of surgical unit

discharge and activity restrictions are lifted

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4
Q

difference between apical and peripheral pulse

A

pulse defecit

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5
Q

what could pulse defecit indicate postop

A

dysrhythmia: cardiac depression, fluid volume defecit, shock, hemorrhage, drug effects

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6
Q

indicates end of postoperative ileus

A

flatus or stool passage

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7
Q

a prolonged period of delayed return of peristalsis with distension, discomfort, vomiting, no stool/flatus passage

A

postop ileus

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8
Q

restorative surgery

A

improve function

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9
Q

palliative surgery

A

relives symptoms

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10
Q

emergent classification

A

life threatening

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11
Q

urgent classification

A

needs quick intervention

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12
Q

important family history assessment

A

malignant hypothermia

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13
Q

important allergies to ID preop

A

latex, tape, shellfish, iodine, meds

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14
Q

when does discharge planning begin

A

preoperatively

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15
Q

what does H&H tell us (hematocrit & hemoglobin)

A

anemia

oxygen carrying issues

hydration

homeostasis of RBCs

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16
Q

what does WBC tell us

A

immune system functioning

High = infection

Low = impaired immune system

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17
Q

what do platelets tell us

A

ability of coagulation

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18
Q

4 clotting studies

A

PT

INR

aPTT

platelets

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19
Q

PT

A

prothrombin time

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20
Q

INR

A

international normalized ratio

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21
Q

aPTT

A

partial thromboplastin time, activated

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22
Q

what do clotting studies tell us

A

risk for excessive bleeding

23
Q

what will a high/low potassium indicate

A

risk for anesthesia complications

24
Q

what do sodium levels indicate

A

hydration status

25
Q

why do you test BUN/creatinine preop

A

assess ability to flush out anesthesia meds

26
Q

what does albumin/total protein tell us

A

nutritional status

27
Q

normal INR

A

0.7-1.8

28
Q

normal WBC

A

5,000-10,000

29
Q

normal serum potassium

A

3.5-5.0

30
Q

normal serum sodium

A

135-145

31
Q

what might a low potassium indicate

A

increase cardiac irritability

increase digoxin toxicity

increase risk of anethesia issues

32
Q

preop diet restrictions

A

stop solids 6 hours before

stop clear liquids 2 hours before

33
Q

when/why is antibiotic given preop

A

1 hour prior

reduces infection risk

34
Q

why is anticholinergic given preop

A

inhibits oral/gastric secretions

reduces risk for aspiration

35
Q

normal HgB

A

12-15

36
Q

normal HCT

A

36-45

37
Q

normal platelet count

A

150-450

38
Q

normal WBC

A

5,000-10,000

39
Q

temp intraoperatively

A

cool environment

body stays warm

40
Q

malignant hyperthermia

A

increased muscle metabolism

pushes calcium and potassium into bloodstream and causes acidoses

41
Q

signs/symptoms of malignant hyperthermia

A

tachycardia

dysrhythmia

muscle rigidity

decreased O2 sat

111 temp

42
Q

how to monitor for malignant hyperthermia

A

monitor end tidal CO2 levels

43
Q

first indicator of malignant hyperthermia

A

increasing end tidal CO2 and O2 sats drop

44
Q

what to do if you suspect malignant hyperthermia

A

stop inhaled anesthesia

inc O2

give dantrolene (direct acting muscle relaxer)

cool body

45
Q

phase 1 of post op period

A

immediately after surgery

close monitoring of airway and vitals

46
Q

phase 2 of post op period

A

prepare for extended care environment

47
Q

phase 3 of post op period

A

extended care environment

48
Q

8 assessment priorities in order (post op)

A
  1. airway
  2. breathing (can breath without moving air)
  3. mental status
  4. surgical site
  5. vitals
  6. IV fluids
  7. tubes
  8. pain
49
Q

post op cardio interventions

A

ambulation

leg exercises

DVT assessments

meds

50
Q

post op respiratory assessments

A

airway maintenance

positioning

breathing exercises

ambylation

oxygen

51
Q

nutrition intervention for wounds

A

high protein and vitamin c

52
Q

drainage with a little pink

A

serosanguineous

53
Q

increases risk for surgical site infection

A

uncontrolled DM

smoking (decreased perfusion)

long term steroid use (decreases immune system)

malnutrition

morbid obesity

hypothermia/hypoxia

N158 Nursing Therapeutics (8 decks)

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