Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

Name all of the motor changes that occur with aging in the PNS! 1..2…3…go!

Answer 1

perineurium/epineurium thickens
decreased myelination, more in ventral > dorsal
decreased nerve conduction velocity
decreased motor units

Question 2

name all of the sensory changes that occur with aging in the PNS.

Answer 2

decreased density

increased thresholds

Question 3

name all of the ANS changes that occur with aging in the PNS.

Answer 3

decrease unmyelinated fibers
chromatolysis and lipofuscins increase leading to increase toxins in the cell
decreased sympathetic control of dermal vasculature

Question 4

in demyelination, what are the nerves subject to?

Answer 4

compression or disease

Question 5

in degeneration, what occurs?

Answer 5

axon is affected

caused by injury or disease

Question 6

what occurs in segmental demyelination?

Answer 6

axon intact, loss of myelin

schwann cells can reproduce

Question 7

what occurs during wallerian degeneration? what is this caused by?

Answer 7

Axon degenerates distal to lesion.

caused by laceration, disease, crush

Question 8

what allows for reinnervation to occur?

Answer 8

growth cones

regenerative sprouting

Question 9

what is small in myopathy?

Answer 9

motor units in muscle fibers are small

Question 10

a severed axon and sheath causes what?

Answer 10

neurotmesis

Question 11

define transneuronal degeneration.

Answer 11

degeneration of undamaged neuron

Question 12

where is the weakness for myopathies?

Answer 12

proximal

Question 13

define mononeuropathy.

Answer 13

1 peripheral nerve involvement

Question 14

define polyneuropathy.

Answer 14

multiple peripheral nerve involvements

Question 15

define radiculoneuropathy.

Answer 15

nerve root involvement

Question 16

define polyradiculitis.

Answer 16

nerve root involvement

post inflamm

Question 17

sensory nerve involvement ultimately causes what? (are the changes distal or proximal)

Answer 17

stocking glove pattern

distal

Question 18

where is the sensory loss for charcot marie tooth disease?

Answer 18

CMT 1

Question 19

what is the treatment for CMT disease?

Answer 19

splinting and ROM

Question 20

what LE structures result or are affected as a result of CMT disease?

Answer 20

pes cavus
hammer toe
weak dorsiflexors and evertors causing steppage gait

Question 21

what test allows for examiner to press thumbs over the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 21

carpal compression test

Question 22

where is the pain for sciatica?

Answer 22

low back pain and radicular pain

Question 23

what diagnosis is this: overnight paralysis of facial expression, decreased taste sensation, decrease in tears, altered saliva production

Answer 23

bells palsy

Question 24

what is the treatment for bell’s palsy?

Answer 24

corticosteroids

antivirals

Question 25

what is the treatment for bell's palsy?

Answer 25

if treated within 3 days, 100% prognosis

Question 26

what is the symptom for tardy ulnar palsy?

Answer 26

claw hand deformity (4th and 5th)

Question 27

what is the diagnositc test for thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 27

adson's test

Question 28

tx for thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 28

posture and breathing exercises | strengthening

Question 29

what is compression at the spiral groove of the humerus called?

Answer 29

saturday night palsy

Question 30

describe what is limited with crutch palsy? (affecting axilla)

Answer 30

elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination

Question 31

where does morton's neuroma mostly occur? what is it due to?

Answer 31

in the third toe | pronation of the foot

Question 32

where is the diagnosis for morton's neuroma?

Answer 32

plantar surface

Question 33

what are the s/s of diabetic neuropathy?

Answer 33

distal extremity sensory loss followed by motor loss

Question 34

pathology of diabetic neuropathy?

Answer 34

loss of myelinated and unmyelinated axons

Question 35

pathology of alcoholic neuropathy?

Answer 35

segmental demyelination w/ axonal degeneration

Question 36

what causes decreased DTRs, atrophy, and decreased distal sensation?

Answer 36

alcoholic neuropathy

Question 37

chronic renal failure is associated with what?

Answer 37

uremic encephalopathy

Question 38

what is affected in poliomyelitis?

Answer 38

viral infection of the anterior horn cells with assymetric motor impairments

Question 39

are there 3 forms to polio?

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

what vaccine is used for polio?

Answer 40

Salk vaccine

Question 41

symptoms of PPS?

Answer 41

decreased strength, myalgias, joint pain

Question 42

symptom of herpes zoster

Answer 42

pain and tingling with rash

Question 43

symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 43

sharp pain in trigeminal nerve

Question 44

treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

Answer 44

tegretol

Question 45

how to dx lead neuropathy?

Answer 45

urinalysis

Question 46

pesticide and organophosphate toxins are due to what?

Answer 46

ingestion of insecticides

Question 47

what pathology can result from pesticide and organophosphate toxins?

Answer 47

acute AcH crisis

Question 48

s/s of pesticide and organophosphates

Answer 48

nausea, vomitting, diarhea, muscle fasciulations

Question 49

name the motor end plate disorder.

Answer 49

myasthenia gravis.

Question 50

what are the risk factors for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 50

thymic disorders

Question 51

is myasthenia gravis autoimmune?

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

what is the pathology of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 52

decreased ach receptivity at motor end plate

Question 53

tx for myasthenia gravis.

Answer 53

tensilon.